中亚地区水问题研究综述
发布时间：2018-07-27 13:07
【摘要】：中亚地区地处内陆干旱区,水资源匮乏,是国际上水问题十分严重的地区。本文收集了自2000年以来近15年的相关文献,从文献数量、研究机构、研究方法和主要水问题等方面,综述国内外中亚地区水问题研究成果。通过对文献分析得出以下认识:1中亚地区水问题是地理学研究热点之一,中国、德国和美国等国家的研究机构开展了大量研究工作,主要集中在水循环过程对气候变化的响应和流域水环境两个方面,中国在跨界河流管理方面的研究成果相对丰富;2气温升高与降水增加是中亚地区气候变化的基本特征,受气温升高影响,陆地水储量与河川径流减小趋势明显,水资源日趋短缺;3不合理的水资源利用方式,加剧了土壤盐渍化和土地退化,加重了水环境污染,加大了流域水环境的压力;4复杂的地缘政治使中亚地区跨界河流管理成为当前国际社会面临的重大难题。从已经获得的成果还可以看出,基础数据获取方法、人口—资源—环境相互关系分析、气候—水文—社会—政治相互作用机制等将是未来中亚地区水问题研究发展的重要方向。
[Abstract]:Central Asia is located in the inland arid region, water resources are scarce, is the international water problem is very serious. This paper has collected 15 years of relevant literature since 2000 and summarized the research results of water problems in Central Asia at home and abroad from the aspects of the number of documents, research institutions, research methods and main water problems. Through the analysis of the literature, we can conclude that the water problem in Central Asia is one of the hot spots in geography research. Many research institutions in China, Germany and the United States have carried out a lot of research work. It mainly focuses on the response of water cycle process to climate change and watershed water environment. China's research results on transboundary river management are relatively rich in temperature rise and precipitation increase, which are the basic characteristics of climate change in Central Asia. Under the influence of higher temperature, the decrease trend of land water reserves and river runoff is obvious, and the irrational water resources utilization mode, which is increasingly short of water resources, intensifies soil salinization and land degradation, and exacerbates water environment pollution. Because of increasing the pressure of water environment in the basin and complicated geopolitics, the management of transboundary rivers in Central Asia has become a major problem facing the international community at present. It can also be seen from the results obtained that the basic data acquisition method, the analysis of population-resources-environment interrelation and the climate hydrology social-political interaction mechanism will be the important directions for the research and development of water problems in Central Asia in the future.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学水科学研究院环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室;新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(U1603241,U1303381,41261090) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402403,2016YFC0402409)~~
【分类号】：TV213.4
本文编号：2147930
[Abstract]:Central Asia is located in the inland arid region, water resources are scarce, is the international water problem is very serious. This paper has collected 15 years of relevant literature since 2000 and summarized the research results of water problems in Central Asia at home and abroad from the aspects of the number of documents, research institutions, research methods and main water problems. Through the analysis of the literature, we can conclude that the water problem in Central Asia is one of the hot spots in geography research. Many research institutions in China, Germany and the United States have carried out a lot of research work. It mainly focuses on the response of water cycle process to climate change and watershed water environment. China's research results on transboundary river management are relatively rich in temperature rise and precipitation increase, which are the basic characteristics of climate change in Central Asia. Under the influence of higher temperature, the decrease trend of land water reserves and river runoff is obvious, and the irrational water resources utilization mode, which is increasingly short of water resources, intensifies soil salinization and land degradation, and exacerbates water environment pollution. Because of increasing the pressure of water environment in the basin and complicated geopolitics, the management of transboundary rivers in Central Asia has become a major problem facing the international community at present. It can also be seen from the results obtained that the basic data acquisition method, the analysis of population-resources-environment interrelation and the climate hydrology social-political interaction mechanism will be the important directions for the research and development of water problems in Central Asia in the future.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学水科学研究院环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室;新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(U1603241,U1303381,41261090) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402403,2016YFC0402409)~~
【分类号】：TV213.4
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