新疆渗滤取水滤床淤塞防治与防冻措施研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 18:19
【摘要】：渗滤取水技术越来越多的应用于生活用水和工农业经济发展用水。新疆渗滤取水工程近几年应用的也越来越多。新疆是典型的内陆干旱区，水资源严重缺乏，并且新疆河流属山溪性河流，泥沙含量较大，受季节影响大，常出现枯流或是断流情况，在北疆地区冬季河流常常出现“透底冻”现象，因此，在新疆建设渗滤取水工程和内地其他地区既有共性又有区别，为了更好的研究总结适合新疆地区渗滤取水工程应用的相关问题，作者通过查阅文献和实地调研对渗滤取水滤床淤塞防治与防冻措施进行了研究与总结。 本文通过查阅大量文献，结合新疆南北疆工程实例，阐述了渗滤取水天然滤层与人工反滤层的工艺原理，研究分析了产生淤塞的机理以及冰冻对渗滤取水的影响，，结合新疆本地气候与河流特性等地域特征，研究梳理了解决渗滤取水条件下，滤床淤塞、寒区河流“透底冻”等相关问题。得出如下结论： 对于滤床淤塞防治措施分为：1、预防措施主要是在：(1)工程选址；(2)渗滤速度的控制；(3)修建雍水堤提高滤床表层水流速；(4)工程设计；(5)施工控制等方面进行控制。2、清淤措施：（1）滤床表面清洗：①利用高压水流冲刷；②机械清淤；③生物化学法清淤。（2）滤层内部的淤塞处理：采用高压气、水反冲洗处理。 对于冰冻基本上以预防为主。主要是在工程选址上要选择潜含水厚度与面积都较大的区域，工程建设在当地冻深以下区域；另外，对于不断流的河道，采取修建雍水堤，抬高河道水位，增加水动力条件，提高水流流速，既防止河道结冰又预防滤床表面淤塞。
[Abstract]:Leachate water technology is more and more used in domestic water and industrial and agricultural economic development. Xinjiang leachate project has been applied more and more in recent years. Xinjiang is a typical inland arid region with a serious shortage of water resources. Moreover, Xinjiang rivers belong to mountain rivers, which have a large sediment content and are heavily affected by seasons. The phenomenon of "percolation and freezing" often occurs in winter rivers in northern Xinjiang. Therefore, the construction of leachate projects in Xinjiang is not only common but also different from that of other inland areas. In order to better study and summarize the relevant problems suitable for the application of leachate water in Xinjiang area, the author studied and summarized the prevention and treatment of leachate bed silt and anti-freezing measures by consulting the literature and investigating on the spot. Through consulting a large number of documents and combining with the engineering examples of Xinjiang, this paper expounds the technological principle of natural filter and artificial filter, studies and analyzes the mechanism of silting and the influence of freezing on leachate. Based on the regional characteristics of local climate and river characteristics in Xinjiang, the problems related to filtration bed blockage and "percolation freezing" of rivers in cold region are studied and combed out under the condition of leachate and water intake. The conclusions are as follows: the prevention and treatment measures for silt blockage of filter bed are divided into 1: 1. The main preventive measures are as follows: (1) site selection; (2) control of infiltration rate; (3) construction of uvula embankment to increase the flow rate of surface water of filter bed; (4) design of the project; (5) the construction control. 2. The measures of silt cleaning: (1) cleaning the surface of filter bed by high pressure water flow to wash the silt; (2) silting inside the filter layer by biochemical method; (2) silting treatment inside the filter layer: using high pressure gas and water backwashing. For freezing, the main prevention is basically. It is mainly to select the area where the depth and area of the submersible water are large in the site selection of the project, and the project is built in the area below the local freezing depth. In addition, for the uninterrupted river course, it is necessary to build the Yongshui embankment, raise the river water level, and increase the hydrodynamic condition. Increase the flow velocity, both prevent channel ice and prevent filter bed surface silt.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV67
本文编号：2158437
[Abstract]:Leachate water technology is more and more used in domestic water and industrial and agricultural economic development. Xinjiang leachate project has been applied more and more in recent years. Xinjiang is a typical inland arid region with a serious shortage of water resources. Moreover, Xinjiang rivers belong to mountain rivers, which have a large sediment content and are heavily affected by seasons. The phenomenon of "percolation and freezing" often occurs in winter rivers in northern Xinjiang. Therefore, the construction of leachate projects in Xinjiang is not only common but also different from that of other inland areas. In order to better study and summarize the relevant problems suitable for the application of leachate water in Xinjiang area, the author studied and summarized the prevention and treatment of leachate bed silt and anti-freezing measures by consulting the literature and investigating on the spot. Through consulting a large number of documents and combining with the engineering examples of Xinjiang, this paper expounds the technological principle of natural filter and artificial filter, studies and analyzes the mechanism of silting and the influence of freezing on leachate. Based on the regional characteristics of local climate and river characteristics in Xinjiang, the problems related to filtration bed blockage and "percolation freezing" of rivers in cold region are studied and combed out under the condition of leachate and water intake. The conclusions are as follows: the prevention and treatment measures for silt blockage of filter bed are divided into 1: 1. The main preventive measures are as follows: (1) site selection; (2) control of infiltration rate; (3) construction of uvula embankment to increase the flow rate of surface water of filter bed; (4) design of the project; (5) the construction control. 2. The measures of silt cleaning: (1) cleaning the surface of filter bed by high pressure water flow to wash the silt; (2) silting inside the filter layer by biochemical method; (2) silting treatment inside the filter layer: using high pressure gas and water backwashing. For freezing, the main prevention is basically. It is mainly to select the area where the depth and area of the submersible water are large in the site selection of the project, and the project is built in the area below the local freezing depth. In addition, for the uninterrupted river course, it is necessary to build the Yongshui embankment, raise the river water level, and increase the hydrodynamic condition. Increase the flow velocity, both prevent channel ice and prevent filter bed surface silt.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV67
【共引文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 刘宗鑫;基于MODFLOW的库尔勒二期水源地数值模拟研究[D];新疆农业大学;2014年
本文编号：2158437
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