基于改进遗传算法的故县水库优化调度研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 14:56

【摘要】：水库优化调度可以实现水资源的综合有效利用,有助于解决目前日益紧张复杂的水资源问题,在经济社会可持续发展中发挥着十分重要的作用。随着气候条件、水库功能和社会需求等不断变化,水库优化调度研究也变得十分必要和迫切。根据水库实际运行情况,建立优化调度模型,并通过高效的方法进行求解。将科学研究与实际应用相结合,根据数学模型计算结果,制定合理有效的优化调度方案,提高水库运行经济效益,为管理决策者提供一定参考。本研究在“故县水库优化调度决策支持软件”项目支持下展开,以故县水库为研究对象,结合水库历年的调度情况,分析水库调度中存在的问题;以发电量最大作为目标函数,结合水库实际情况,以水量平衡方程、水位、发电水头、出力、用水量等为约束条件,建立了故县水库的优化调度模型;基于改进的遗传算法对优化调度模型进行求解,制定了优化调度方案,指导故县水库优化运行。(1)分析水库调度中存在的问题。根据水库历年调度运行结果、水库现状和相关规划等,分析故县水库调度存在的问题:一是水库长时间在低水头下发电运行,耗水率较高;二是在汛期来水量较大的情况下,由于汛限水位限制,导致弃水较多,且汛期过后发电水头不足;三是水库新增对洛阳市等地区的供水规划,目前的调度方案不能满足运行需求。(2)水库优化调度模型的构建及其求解。基于故县水库基本调度规则,以发电量最大为目标函数,以水量平衡方程、水位、发电水头、出力、用水量等为约束条件,建立故县水库调度模型。对遗传算法进行改进,采用变动水位编码,通过水量平衡筛选水位过程,将人工调度经验作为启发式信息优化算法的初始种群,通过自适应的交叉和变异操作,以进化程度作为算法终止的判断条件,进行算法流程的设计,对故县水库优化调度模型进行求解。(3)故县水库优化调度结果分析。设置常规优化调度、考虑坝址降雨蒸发优化调度、考虑供水规划优化调度三种模式,进行丰、平、枯等典型年的优化调度分析计算。将常规优化调度结果与动态规划计算结果进行对比分析,验证算法的合理有效性,分析结果表明:二者的优化水位过程及变化趋势基本保持一致,且改进遗传算法求解精度更高,能够获得更多的发电量,可以用来求解水库优化调度问题。(4)制定了水库优化调度方案。通过对优化调度结果的分析可知,坝址降雨蒸发对发电量和水位影响较小,而水库供水规划则大幅降低了发电量和水库平均运行水位,但通过供水增加了经济效益,结合水库供水规划,丰、平、枯等典型年的引水流量分别为5 m3/s、3 m3/s、2 m3/s,汛期平均发电水头分别为75.3m、75.2m、72.1m,非汛期平均发电水头分别为78.5m、75.8m、74.3m,制定了故县水库优化调度方案,为故县水库的运行管理提供参考。
[Abstract]:Reservoir optimal operation can realize the comprehensive and effective utilization of water resources, help to solve the increasingly tense and complex water resources problem, and play a very important role in the sustainable development of economy and society. With the climatic conditions, reservoir functions and social needs constantly changing, the study of reservoir optimal operation has become very necessary and urgent. According to the actual operation of the reservoir, the optimal operation model is established and solved by an efficient method. Combining scientific research with practical application, according to the results of mathematical model calculation, a reasonable and effective optimal dispatching scheme is formulated to improve the economic benefit of reservoir operation and to provide a certain reference for the management decision makers. This research is carried out under the support of "Guxian Reservoir optimal dispatching decision support Software", taking the Guxian Reservoir as the research object, combining with the reservoir operation situation over the years, analyzing the problems existing in the reservoir operation, taking the maximum power generation as the objective function, Combined with the actual situation of the reservoir, taking the water balance equation, water level, power generation head, output and water consumption as the constraint conditions, the optimal dispatching model of Guxian reservoir is established, and the optimal dispatching model is solved based on the improved genetic algorithm. The optimal operation scheme is established to guide the reservoir operation in Guxian County. (1) the problems in reservoir operation are analyzed. According to the operation results of reservoir operation over the years, the present situation of reservoir and related planning, the problems existing in reservoir operation in Guxian County are analyzed. The first is that the reservoir generates electricity for a long time under low water head and the water consumption rate is high; the other is in the case of a large amount of water coming from flood season. Due to the limited water level in flood season, more water is abandoned and the water head of power generation is insufficient after the flood season. Third, the new water supply planning for Luoyang and other areas by the reservoir. The current dispatching scheme can not meet the operational requirements. (2) the construction and solution of reservoir optimal operation model. Based on the basic regulation of reservoir operation in Guxian County, the model of reservoir operation in Guxian County is established with the objective function of maximum generation capacity, the water balance equation, water level, water head of power generation, output force, water consumption and so on. Genetic algorithm is improved, variable water level code is adopted, water level process is screened by water balance, artificial dispatching experience is taken as the initial population of heuristic information optimization algorithm, and adaptive crossover and mutation operation are adopted. The evolutionary degree is taken as the judgment condition for the termination of the algorithm, and the algorithm flow is designed to solve the model of the reservoir optimal operation in Guxian. (3) the analysis of the optimal operation results of the reservoir in Guxian. By setting up conventional optimal dispatching, considering the optimal dispatching of rainfall evaporation at dam site and considering the three modes of optimal dispatching of water supply planning, the optimal dispatching analysis and calculation for typical years, such as abundant, flat and dry, are carried out. By comparing the results of conventional optimal operation with those of dynamic programming, the reasonable validity of the algorithm is verified. The results show that the optimal water level process and its changing trend are basically consistent with each other. The improved genetic algorithm is more accurate and can obtain more electricity, which can be used to solve the reservoir optimal operation problem. (4) the reservoir optimal operation scheme is established. Through the analysis of the results of optimal operation, it can be seen that evaporation of rainfall at the dam site has little effect on power generation and water level, while the water supply planning of reservoir has greatly reduced the electricity generation and the average operating water level of the reservoir, but increased the economic benefit through the water supply. Combined with reservoir water supply planning, the diversion flow in typical years, such as abundant, flat and dry, is 5 m3 / s ~ 3 m ~ (-3 / s) / s respectively, the average water head in flood season is 75.3 m / m ~ 75.2 m ~ (-2) m, and the average water head in non-flood season is 78.5 m / m ~ 75.8 m / m ~ 74.3 m respectively. It provides a reference for the operation and management of the reservoir in Guxian County.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV697.11

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