基于大数据决策支持的城市健康水系统平台构建及应用

发布时间：2018-08-15 16:13

【摘要】：城市化进程的快速推进,城市水系泄洪通道和原有生态系统被破坏等原因,导致“暴雨淹城”事故时有发生,城市水环境污染加剧,城市范围内社会水循环与自然水循环不和谐,不同区域之间水的供需矛盾较为突出。城市流域范围内分布着河流湖库、给水厂、污水厂,污水厂排放口、次级河流河口与给水厂取水口相互交错,水系统健康问题较为突出。城市快速扩张过程中,城市土地覆盖、水系统结构演变迅速,传统规划建设体系难以系统、全面、快速地对城市健康水系统构建进行决策,通过大数据决策支持平台为城市健康水系统构建提供策略具有重要意义。研究在大数据的支持下,通过空间地理信息数据库的构建与城市健康水系统模型库的研究,集成了基于网络化格块的水文响应模型和水体环境模型,开发了城市健康水系统决策支持平台,并在两江新区水系统规划建设与运行管理中进行应用,为其城市健康水系统的构建提供决策支持,得出两江新区城市健康水系统构建技术方案。研究取得的主要成果如下:(1)针对城市化过程中的健康水系统构建需求,基于空间大数据进行数字高程模型、遥感影像、气象土壤等基础数据以及流域单元、河流湖库基础资料、水质监测、水的利用与排放等水系统空间及属性数据,形成了海量、多样、复杂、集成的空间大数据支持下的水系统数据库。(2)基于数字高程模型水流方向的基本算法和地理信息系统空间拓扑关系,利用高精度网络化格块模拟实际降雨径流路径,构建了支持大数据算法的城市下垫面水文响应模型,建立了统一的土地利用分类体系,利用超高精度土地利用栅格对格块的土地利用、土地覆盖进行水信息挖掘,总结了不同坡度、不同土壤质地、不同土地类型的水文响应径流参数,实现了水文响应模型沿高精度网络化格块建立的径流路径,进行径流流量和污染物浓度的汇流演算。(3)在水文响应模型的基础上,构建了适用于大数据分析的水体环境模型,模型在空间大数据系统的支持下进行水体网格的概化和水系结构的自行编号,采用隐式差分格式离散对水力水质模型控制方程进行离散,通过土地利用、降雨、水文、水质监测资料对水环境模型进行参数率定,实现城市流域的水环境模拟。(4)开发了包括水信息大数据管理、水文响应模型子系统、水体环境模型子系统的城市健康水系统决策支持平台,并将决策支持平台应用到基于水环境目标的城市未来健康水系统构建中,可通过“设定情景—平台决策支持—方案构建”的交互模式,模拟不同情景条件下城市水系统健康状况,并进行可视化表达,形成城市健康水系统构建的综合技术。(5)以两江新区为例,建立两江新区城市健康水系统决策支持平台,对现状发展、规划发展、最低保障、严格保护四种情景下两江城市水系统进行模拟分析,预测了四种情景的水系统演变趋势,结合模拟结果和城市经济发展进程,得出两江新区城市健康水系统构建技术方案。研究以地理信息系统为基础,水文响应和水体环境模型为驱动,决策支持平台为支撑,建立了城市健康水系统构建的综合技术,考虑了水体本身及其流域土地利用的相互耦合作用,将为城市健康水系统的构建、决策、管控提供共性技术和平台支持,具有直接的参考意义和较高的应用价值。
[Abstract]:The rapid progress of urbanization, the destruction of urban flood discharge channels and original ecosystems and other reasons have led to frequent "rainstorm flooding" accidents, aggravation of urban water pollution, disharmony between social water cycle and natural water cycle in urban areas, and more prominent contradictions between water supply and demand in different regions. In the process of rapid urban expansion, urban land cover, rapid evolution of water system structure, traditional planning and construction system is difficult to systematically, comprehensively and rapidly construct the urban healthy water system. It is of great significance to construct a decision-making platform and to provide strategies for the construction of urban healthy water system by means of large data. A decision support platform for urban healthy water system was developed and applied in the planning, construction and operation management of the water system in Liangjiang New Area to provide decision support for the construction of urban healthy water system. Water system construction needs, based on large spatial data, digital elevation model, remote sensing images, meteorological and soil data and basin units, basic River and lake data, water quality monitoring, water use and discharge and other water system spatial and attribute data, forming a large, diverse, complex, integrated spatial data support water system. Database. (2) Based on the basic algorithm of flow direction of digital elevation model and the spatial topological relationship of geographic information system, the hydrological response model of urban underlying surface supporting large data algorithm is constructed by using high-precision network grid to simulate the actual rainfall and runoff path, and a unified land use classification system is established. The hydrological response runoff parameters of different slope, soil texture and land type are summarized by using grid to mine water information of land use and land cover. The hydrological response model is established along the runoff path of high-precision network grid, and runoff flow and pollutant concentration are calculated. On the basis of the response model, a water environment model suitable for large-scale data analysis is constructed. The model is supported by the spatial large-scale data system to generalize the water grid and number the water system structure. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by the implicit difference scheme. The control equation of the hydraulic water quality model is discretized by land use, rainfall, hydrology and water quality monitoring. (4) A decision support platform for urban healthy water system including water information management, hydrological response model subsystem and water environment model subsystem was developed, and the decision support platform was applied to urban future health based on water environment objectives. In the process of water system construction, we can simulate the health status of urban water system under different scenarios through the interactive model of "setting scenarios-platform decision support-scheme construction", and visualize the expression to form a comprehensive technology of urban healthy water system construction. (5) Taking Liangjiang New Area as an example, the decision-making of urban healthy water system in Liangjiang New Area is established. Supporting the platform, simulating and analyzing the urban water system of Liangjiang under the four scenarios of current development, planning development, minimum guarantee and strict protection, predicting the evolution trend of the water system of the four scenarios, combining the simulation results with the process of urban economic development, the technical scheme of constructing the urban healthy water system of Liangjiang New Area is obtained. On the basis of hydrological response and water environment model driven and supported by decision support platform, a comprehensive technology for the construction of urban healthy water system is established. Considering the interaction between water body and land use in its basin, it will provide common technology and platform support for the construction, decision-making and management of urban healthy water system. Reference significance and high application value.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV213.4;X52
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本文编号：2184730