压力式明渠流量在线自动检测系统

发布时间：2018-08-18 09:03

【摘要】：众所周知，我国是一个拥有十三亿人口的大型发展中国家，我国的28000亿立方米的淡水资源平均到每位人身上，只达到了世界人均水平的25%，是世界上最缺乏淡水资源的国家之一，现在环境的污染以及不科学的用水都在造成水资源的高度浪费。而且农业生产在我国一直占有重要的地位，灌溉用水占了农业用水的很大比重，农田灌溉的不合理也是造成农业用水浪费的主要原因。由于明渠流量测量在农田灌溉中占有至关重要的作用，直接影响着农田灌溉的用水效率和灌区管理的能力，所以研究一种新型的明渠量水设备和方法是确保减少农田水资源浪费的重要手段。现阶段存在的各种测流设备和装置有的成本高，有的安装使用复杂，有的要求操作人员技术水平高等，使用都有局限性。所以根据分析我国量水现状，以及参阅大量文献后，本论文提出设计了一种压力式明渠流量在线自动检测系统。本装置点流速的测量是基于伯努利方程，，结合左右移动的传动机构，实现点流速到线流速到面流速的测量，并且通过流速面积法‖得到流量。本系统主要包括自主研制的测流装置、机械传动机构装置、单片机、步进电机、上位机五部分。本文详细的介绍了压力式明渠流量在线自动检测系统的整体结构设计、测流装置的设计、机械传动机构的设计、硬件电路的设计、软件的设计、以及试验和数据分析，主要完成了以下几项内容：（1）针对测流现状以及其他测流装置存在的问题，根据本系统的使用需求，设计研制了一种压力式测流装置，并组成了一个可以实时检测和监视的测流系统。（2）设计了该测流系统的机械机构，包括测流装置的外部结构和机械传动装置的结构。（3）设计了本测流系统的硬件电路部分，主要有：信息采集模块、传动模块、电源模块和显示模块，包括元器件的选择，电路的设计，PCB电路板的制作。（4）编写了本系统软件部分的程序，包括下位机和上位机软件，以及二者之间的通信软件。（5）对系统的硬件和软件分别进行了调试，完成调试后操作了试验，分析了试验数据，证明了此系统的可行性和准确性。（6）根据本设计的过程和心得提出了改进方案和未来展望。该测流系统操作简单，受外界条件干扰小且适用性强，成本低，减少了人力浪费，实现了测流的完全自动化，对明渠流量自动化检测行业提供了参考和使用价值。
[Abstract]:As we all know, China is a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. Our country's 2.8 trillion cubic meters of fresh water resources, on average, reach every person, reaching only 25 percent of the world's per capita level. China is one of the countries with the most scarce fresh water resources in the world. Environmental pollution and unscientific water use are now leading to a high level of waste of water resources. And agricultural production has been playing an important role in our country, irrigation water accounts for a large proportion of agricultural water use, the unreasonable farmland irrigation is also the main cause of agricultural water waste. As the open channel flow measurement plays an important role in farmland irrigation, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of irrigation water and the ability of irrigation area management. Therefore, the study of a new open channel water measuring equipment and method is an important means to reduce the waste of farmland water resources. At present, there are some high cost, complex installation, high technical level and so on for all kinds of current measuring equipments and devices, all of which are limited in use. Based on the analysis of the current situation of water measurement in China and the reference to a large number of literatures, this paper proposes the design of a pressure open channel flow online automatic detection system. The measurement of point velocity in this device is based on Bernoulli equation and combined with the driving mechanism of left and right movement to realize the measurement of point velocity to line velocity to surface velocity and the flow rate is obtained by the method of velocity area. This system mainly includes five parts: self-developed current measuring device, mechanical transmission device, single chip microcomputer, step motor and upper computer. This paper introduces in detail the overall structure design, the design of the current measuring device, the design of the mechanical transmission mechanism, the design of the hardware circuit, the design of the software, the test and the data analysis of the pressure open channel flow on-line automatic detection system. The main contents are as follows: (1) in view of the current situation of current measurement and the problems existing in other current measuring devices, according to the requirements of the system, a pressure current measuring device is designed and developed. A current measuring system which can be detected and monitored in real time is formed. (2) the mechanical mechanism of the current measuring system is designed. It includes the external structure of the current measuring device and the structure of the mechanical transmission device. (3) the hardware circuit of the current measuring system is designed, which includes: information acquisition module, transmission module, power supply module and display module. Including the selection of components, circuit design, PCB circuit board fabrication. (4) the software part of the system is programmed, including the lower computer and upper computer software, And the communication software between them. (5) the hardware and software of the system are debugged, after debugging, the test is operated, and the test data are analyzed. The feasibility and accuracy of the system are proved. (6) according to the process and experience of this design, the improvement scheme and future prospect are proposed. The system is simple in operation, small in interference from external conditions, strong in applicability and low in cost. It reduces the waste of manpower, realizes the complete automation of flow measurement, and provides a reference and practical value for the open channel flow automatic detection industry.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TV133;P332.4

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