新水沙条件下荆江河段航道整治工程适应性及原则研究
发布时间：2018-08-22 08:57
【摘要】：本文以长江中游荆江河段为研究对象,通过分析三峡运行前后荆江河段及上、下边界沿程控制水文站的来水来沙数据,总结三峡工程蓄水运用后的新水沙特性;在实测河床演变分析的基础上,基于平面二维水沙数学模型研究了新水沙条件下荆江河段河床演变规律及演变趋势预测;充分研究了蓄水过程中不同类型整治建筑物的适应性,着重探讨了守护型工程实现航道治理目标的内在机理,研究了多因素作用下的丁坝水毁情况;在上述理论研究的基础上,提出荆江河段航道系统整治的原则。全文主要研究了以下几个方面的问题:(1)通过分析宜昌、枝城、沙市、监利、汉口各站水沙实测资料,揭示了三峡工程蓄水运用后荆江河段的新水沙特性。三峡水库的运行调平了流量过程,使得枯水期缩短,中水期延长;三峡水库开始运用后,各站年输沙量大幅度减少,几乎可以认为清水下泄;坝下游各水文站自上而下年输沙量逐渐增加,出库“清水”从沿程河床获取泥沙后不饱和度降低,输沙量得到一定程度恢复。(2)在分析新水沙条件下长江中游荆江河段演变规律及航道条件变化的基础上,揭示了水沙变化与河床演变之间的关系。在此基础上,总结归纳沙卵石河段、沙质顺直型、弯曲型、分汊型(包括顺直分汊型、弯曲分汊型)浅滩河段的演变特点。(3)考虑上下游河段关联性,基于数学模型计算对枝江~江口、周天、藕石碾、窑监浅滩河段演变趋势做出预测,在此基础上,总结归纳新水沙条件下不同类型浅滩河段的演变趋势。(4)针对三峡蓄水过程中的碍航河段,进行蓄水过程的适应性分析,分别模拟守护型工程(工程较弱)和调整型工程(工程较强)对于汛后蓄水过程的适应性及工程效果。守护型工程对航道改善有一定效果,但要彻底提高对三峡水库汛后蓄水过程较为敏感河段的航道条件,需要采用一定的调整型工程。(5)运用河流动力学理论,推求出整治水位下河槽在冲刷前、后航深变化值的表达式,从理论上探讨守护型控导工程实现航道治理目标的内在机理,并以长江中游荆江藕池口水道和太平口河段为例,计算了这两个河段守护关键可动洲滩后航深的变化过程,进一步验证了守护型控导工程实现航道改善的内在机理。(6)建立了基于非结构化网格求解三维自由表面流动的非静压数值模型,对两种常见的丁坝结构型式在不同工况下的水流结构及压强分布进行精细模拟。结果表明:水流结构及压力分布特性都表明丁坝的坝头和坝根是容易产生水毁的主要部位;下挑丁坝结构在防水毁方面要略优于正挑丁坝。(7)在上述工作基础上,结合对已实施航道整治工程整治原则的总结,提出荆江河段系统整治原则;上、下荆江具体整治原则;不同类型浅滩整治原则及不同类型整治建筑物的选取原则。
[Abstract]:Taking the Jingjiang reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the new water and sediment after the water storage and application of the three Gorges Project by analyzing the incoming water and sediment data of the Jingjiang reach and the upper and lower boundary control hydrologic stations before and after the operation of the three Gorges Project. Based on the analysis of the evolution of the measured river bed, based on the plane two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model, the evolution law and trend prediction of the river bed in the Jingjiang reach under the new water and sediment conditions are studied, and the adaptability of different types of regulation buildings in the process of water storage is fully studied. This paper mainly discusses the internal mechanism of realizing the target of waterway regulation in the daemon engineering, studies the situation of dike water destruction under the action of many factors, and puts forward the principles of waterway system regulation in Jingjiang reach on the basis of the above theoretical research. This paper mainly studies the following problems: (1) through analyzing the measured data of water and sediment in Yichang, Zhicheng, Shashi, Jianli and Hankou stations, the characteristics of new water and sediment in Jingjiang reach after the water storage and operation of the three Gorges Project are revealed. The operation of the three Gorges Reservoir levelles the discharge process, shortens the dry period and prolongs the middle water period, and after the operation of the three Gorges Reservoir, the annual sediment discharge of the three Gorges Reservoir is greatly reduced, which can almost be considered as the discharge of clean water. The annual sediment discharge from top to bottom in the hydrological stations in the lower reaches of the dam increases gradually, and the unsaturation decreases after the sediment is obtained from the riverbed along the river by "clear water" out of the reservoir. The sediment transport is recovered to some extent. (2) based on the analysis of the evolution law and channel condition of Jingjiang reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the relationship between the variation of water and sediment and the evolution of riverbed is revealed. On this basis, the evolution characteristics of shoal reach of sandy pebble reach, sandy straight type, curved type and branching type (including straight branch type, curved branching type) are summarized. (3) considering the correlation of upper and lower reaches, Based on the calculation of mathematical model, the evolution trend of the reach of Zhijiang ~ Jiangkou, Zhou Tian, lotus root stone mill and kiln supervision shoal is predicted, and on this basis, The evolution trend of different types of shoal reach under the condition of new water and sediment is summarized. (4) the adaptability analysis of water storage process is carried out in view of the obstruction of navigation in the process of water storage in the three Gorges. The adaptability and engineering effect of daemon engineering (weak engineering) and adjustment engineering (strong engineering) to the process of water storage after flood are simulated respectively. The daemon project has certain effect on the channel improvement, but in order to improve the waterway condition of the more sensitive section of the three Gorges reservoir after flood, it is necessary to adopt certain adjustment engineering. (5) the theory of river dynamics is used. This paper deduces the expression of the variation value of the depth of navigation before and after the channel under the regulation water level, and theoretically discusses the internal mechanism of realizing the target of waterway regulation by the guard control and guide engineering, and takes the estuary channel of lotus root pool and Taiping Kou River reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example. The course of the variation of the depth after the two river reaches are protected by the key moveable beach is calculated. Furthermore, the inherent mechanism of channel improvement in daemon guided control engineering is verified. (6) A non-static pressure numerical model based on unstructured meshes for solving three-dimensional free surface flow is established. The flow structure and pressure distribution of two common spur dam structures under different working conditions are simulated in detail. The results show that the water flow structure and pressure distribution characteristics indicate that the dike head and the dam root are the main parts which are prone to water destruction, and the bottom spur dike structure is slightly better than the straight spur dike in waterproofing damage. (7) on the basis of the above work, Based on the summary of the regulation principles of the waterway regulation works carried out, the principles of systematic regulation of the Jingjiang reach, the concrete regulation principles of the upper and lower Jingjiang rivers, the principles of regulation of different types of shoals and the selection principles of different types of regulation buildings are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U617
，
本文编号：2196616
[Abstract]:Taking the Jingjiang reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the new water and sediment after the water storage and application of the three Gorges Project by analyzing the incoming water and sediment data of the Jingjiang reach and the upper and lower boundary control hydrologic stations before and after the operation of the three Gorges Project. Based on the analysis of the evolution of the measured river bed, based on the plane two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model, the evolution law and trend prediction of the river bed in the Jingjiang reach under the new water and sediment conditions are studied, and the adaptability of different types of regulation buildings in the process of water storage is fully studied. This paper mainly discusses the internal mechanism of realizing the target of waterway regulation in the daemon engineering, studies the situation of dike water destruction under the action of many factors, and puts forward the principles of waterway system regulation in Jingjiang reach on the basis of the above theoretical research. This paper mainly studies the following problems: (1) through analyzing the measured data of water and sediment in Yichang, Zhicheng, Shashi, Jianli and Hankou stations, the characteristics of new water and sediment in Jingjiang reach after the water storage and operation of the three Gorges Project are revealed. The operation of the three Gorges Reservoir levelles the discharge process, shortens the dry period and prolongs the middle water period, and after the operation of the three Gorges Reservoir, the annual sediment discharge of the three Gorges Reservoir is greatly reduced, which can almost be considered as the discharge of clean water. The annual sediment discharge from top to bottom in the hydrological stations in the lower reaches of the dam increases gradually, and the unsaturation decreases after the sediment is obtained from the riverbed along the river by "clear water" out of the reservoir. The sediment transport is recovered to some extent. (2) based on the analysis of the evolution law and channel condition of Jingjiang reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the relationship between the variation of water and sediment and the evolution of riverbed is revealed. On this basis, the evolution characteristics of shoal reach of sandy pebble reach, sandy straight type, curved type and branching type (including straight branch type, curved branching type) are summarized. (3) considering the correlation of upper and lower reaches, Based on the calculation of mathematical model, the evolution trend of the reach of Zhijiang ~ Jiangkou, Zhou Tian, lotus root stone mill and kiln supervision shoal is predicted, and on this basis, The evolution trend of different types of shoal reach under the condition of new water and sediment is summarized. (4) the adaptability analysis of water storage process is carried out in view of the obstruction of navigation in the process of water storage in the three Gorges. The adaptability and engineering effect of daemon engineering (weak engineering) and adjustment engineering (strong engineering) to the process of water storage after flood are simulated respectively. The daemon project has certain effect on the channel improvement, but in order to improve the waterway condition of the more sensitive section of the three Gorges reservoir after flood, it is necessary to adopt certain adjustment engineering. (5) the theory of river dynamics is used. This paper deduces the expression of the variation value of the depth of navigation before and after the channel under the regulation water level, and theoretically discusses the internal mechanism of realizing the target of waterway regulation by the guard control and guide engineering, and takes the estuary channel of lotus root pool and Taiping Kou River reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example. The course of the variation of the depth after the two river reaches are protected by the key moveable beach is calculated. Furthermore, the inherent mechanism of channel improvement in daemon guided control engineering is verified. (6) A non-static pressure numerical model based on unstructured meshes for solving three-dimensional free surface flow is established. The flow structure and pressure distribution of two common spur dam structures under different working conditions are simulated in detail. The results show that the water flow structure and pressure distribution characteristics indicate that the dike head and the dam root are the main parts which are prone to water destruction, and the bottom spur dike structure is slightly better than the straight spur dike in waterproofing damage. (7) on the basis of the above work, Based on the summary of the regulation principles of the waterway regulation works carried out, the principles of systematic regulation of the Jingjiang reach, the concrete regulation principles of the upper and lower Jingjiang rivers, the principles of regulation of different types of shoals and the selection principles of different types of regulation buildings are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U617
，
本文编号：2196616
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