黄河输沙量研究的几个关键问题与思考

发布时间：2018-09-08 16:44

【摘要】：近十几年黄河输沙量的突兀性减少是社会各界人士普遍未曾预料到的。黄河输沙量减少原因和未来趋势亟待研究,也需结合现状进一步提出新的适应策略。基于对黄土高原水土保持与黄河水沙变化等的长期研究,提出黄河输沙量研究需要关注的几个关键问题和认识:考虑到学科特点及发展水平,黄河输沙量以及人类活动对输沙量变化影响的研究"宜粗不宜细";黄河输沙量变化研究可以年代为时段开展对比分析,1979年之前可作为基准期;在流域及区域侵蚀产沙性降雨的相关研究中,宜把12 mm日降雨量作为临界侵蚀降雨量指标;加强淤地坝淤积记录反演研究,揭示土壤侵蚀强度变化,以解析坡面土壤侵蚀减少与沟道坝库工程拦蓄对黄河输沙量减少的贡献,明确当前黄土高原水土流失治理方向;强化黄河未来输沙量变化趋势及治理对策研究。
[Abstract]:The sudden decrease in sediment discharge of the Yellow River in the past ten years has been widely unexpected by people from all walks of life. The causes and future trend of sediment discharge in the Yellow River need to be studied urgently, and new adaptive strategies should be put forward in the light of the present situation. Based on the long-term study on soil and water conservation and the variation of water and sediment in the Yellow River on the Loess Plateau, this paper puts forward several key problems and understandings in the study of sediment transport capacity of the Yellow River: considering the characteristics of the subject and the level of development, The study on the influence of the Yellow River sediment discharge and Human activities on the change of sediment discharge "should be coarse rather than Fine", the study on the variation of Yellow River sediment discharge can be compared and analyzed in the period of time, and it can be used as the base period before 1979. In the relevant research of watershed and regional erosion and sediment yield rainfall, 12 mm daily rainfall should be taken as the critical erosion rainfall index, and the inversion study of siltation records of silt dam should be strengthened to reveal the change of soil erosion intensity. In order to analyze the contribution of slope soil erosion reduction and gully dam reservoir engineering to the decrease of Yellow River sediment discharge, the direction of soil and water loss control on the Loess Plateau is clarified, and the research on the trend of sediment discharge in the future and the control countermeasures are strengthened.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;中国水利水电科学研究院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402401,2016YFC0501707)
【分类号】：TV143

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