大汶河流域水生态系统评价与水生态文明建设研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 10:12

【摘要】：水生态系统作为自然生态系统的重要组成部分,不仅提供各类生产和生活的基本资源要素,还是促进自然生态系统保持稳态和相对平衡的重要保障。大汶河流域工业化、科技化、信息化、城镇化发展迅速,流域开发和水资源利用的力度达到前所未有的高度,水生态系统的健康和可持续发展面临严峻考验。本次研究以大汶河流域为目标区域,采用调查与采样结合的方法获取数据,研究了大汶河流域水生态系统鱼类、浮游动物、浮游植物、底栖动物群落的特征,从各自的群落结构组成、空间分布状况以及多样性特征、优势种方面做出分析;从水质、水生鱼类和河岸带三个方面对流域的水生态健康做出较全面的评价,并以此为基础构建目标层、准则层和指标层三级组成的流域综合评价体系。(1)在对水质分析采用了单因子指数法、模糊数学法和综合污染指数法三种不同的方法评价后,分析出一种较适用于本项研究的方法——综合污染指数法并得到流域水质结果:流域整体水质较差,Ⅳ类水占总采样点的33.3%;V类水占总采样点的29.2%;劣V类水占总采样点的37.5%。主要超标污染物为总氮、总磷和氨氮。主要受污范围在汇河支流和大汶河南支,以及各支流交汇处附近。(2)水生生物主要以鱼类为分析对象,采用WIMB和F-IBI方法,对比选取WIMB作为标准,得到流域鱼类完整性结果:流域总体鱼类完整性属中等偏下,较好及以上标准采样点和一般标准采样点均占总采样点的29.2%,较差及以下采样点占41.6%。(3)河岸带采用层次分析法确定河岸带健康状况:在采样点可控范围内,流域河岸带整体状况良好,没有生境状况极差区域。(4)流域生态系统的健康状况结果显示流域系统以IV级和V级为主,仅有8.3%的采样点健康等级为III级。总体状况较差。河流整治势在必行。(5)基于可持续发展的理念,我国提出“科学发展观”,强调经济社会发展与资源环境相适应,走可持续发展道路。并于十八大将生态文明建设纳入五位一体总体布局。以大汶河流域水生态系统评价结果为依据,分析目前所面临的水环境两大问题,提出了流域治理与恢复的措施和流域建设科技保障,以期为今后流域发展提供思路。
[Abstract]:As an important part of natural ecosystem, water ecosystem not only provides basic resource elements for all kinds of production and life, but also ensures that natural ecosystem keeps steady state and relative balance. With the rapid development of industrialization, science and technology, information and urbanization, the development and utilization of water resources in the basin reach an unprecedented height, and the healthy and sustainable development of the water ecosystem is facing a severe test. In this study, the characteristics of fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and benthos communities in the water ecosystem of Davin River Basin were studied by using the method of investigation and sampling. The community structure composition, spatial distribution, diversity characteristics and dominant species were analyzed, and the water quality, aquatic fish and riparian zone were comprehensively evaluated for the water ecological health of the watershed, and the ecological health of the river basin was evaluated from three aspects: water quality, aquatic fish and riparian zone. On this basis, a watershed comprehensive evaluation system composed of target layer, criterion layer and index layer is constructed. (1) after three different methods, single factor index method, fuzzy mathematics method and comprehensive pollution index method, are used to evaluate water quality. A more suitable method for this study, the comprehensive pollution index method, was analyzed and the results showed that the overall water quality of the basin was poor, that of class 鈪，

本文编号：2232086