小水电代燃料CDM碳计量方法学及案例实证研究
发布时间：2018-09-09 11:55
【摘要】：清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism, CDM)是《京都议定书》中唯一一个允许发达国家和发展中国家合作的机制,已成为应对气候变化的一个全球性合作机制。它有利于发展中国家向发达国家引进资金、吸收先进的科学技术以发展本国的经济。 我国于2003年开始实施的小水电代燃料社会公益项目,产生了广泛的社会、经济和生态效益。特别是对保护当地退耕林地和天然植被发挥了非常重要的作用,但是目前国际上并没有适合小水电代燃料项目碳减排量的方法学。 为此,本研究在综合分析国内外碳计量方法的基础上,立足现有CDM方法学,提出了一个包含减少薪柴燃烧直接排放量、代燃料余电产生减排量和森林碳汇额外增加量三个方面的小水电代燃料项目CDM碳计量方法学,并以贵州麻江县富江小水电代燃料电站为案例,进行了3种计量方法的对比分析。 利用本文提出的小水电代燃料CDM碳计量方法学,计算得到：在2007年至2013年间该项目区居民由于使用清洁的电能而节约的烧柴量为每年1147.25t,由此减少了燃料燃烧直接排放量为9829.638tC02；该电站的余电上网电量产生的减排量为2167.19tC02；森林固碳量增加了19858.65t(马尾松人工林)和4256.07t(柏木人工林),分别相当于72815.04t和15605.59t二氧化碳。富江小水电代燃料电站7年间累计减排100417.46tC02。该结果远高于国内常规水电CDM小规模(AMS-I-D)方法学的估算结果(2678.33t CO2),也与按照《小水电代燃料生态效益计算导则》计算出的减排量(44209.44t C02)相比,约是后者的2倍。 综合分析这三种计量方法学,AMS-I-D方法学是现在小规模水电CDM项目常用的方法学,但是其直接计算清洁水电替代火电而产生的减排量,在用于小水电代燃料项目过程中,忽略了项目在减少薪柴燃烧释放二氧化碳以及避免毁林、增加森林碳汇吸收方面的生态效益。《小水电代燃料生态效益计算导则》综合考虑了小水电代燃料项目在替代燃料燃烧释放、余电上网替代大电网中火电排放以及保护森林以增加碳吸收三个方面,但是其计算森林增加碳吸收时,主要参数依据国内部分研究结果,其在国际上推广和应用的适用性值得进一步探讨。 在综合参考现有CDM方法学的基础上提出的CDM碳计量方法学,基于实际调查获取的科研数据,更有利于将我国的小水电代燃料项目申请成为国际上统一认可的CDM项目,从而能够将项目所产生的CERs在国际碳市场上进行碳交易。
[Abstract]:The Clean Development Mechanism (Clean Development Mechanism, CDM) is the only mechanism in the Kyoto Protocol that allows the cooperation between developed and developing countries. It has become a global cooperation mechanism to deal with climate change. It is advantageous for developing countries to introduce funds to developed countries and absorb advanced science and technology to develop their own economies. The social public welfare project of small hydropower instead of fuel has produced extensive social, economic and ecological benefits since 2003. Especially, it plays a very important role in protecting local forest land and natural vegetation. However, there is no international methodology for carbon emission reduction in small hydropower projects. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of carbon metering methods at home and abroad and based on the existing CDM methodology, a new method is proposed to reduce the direct emissions from fuelwood combustion. The CDM carbon metering methodology of the small hydropower fuel replacement project from the three aspects of emission reduction and additional increase of forest carbon sink is discussed in this paper. Taking Fujiang small hydropower station in Majiang County, Guizhou Province as a case study, three metering methods are compared and analyzed. Based on the CDM carbon metering methodology proposed in this paper, the following results are obtained: from 2007 to 2013, residents in this project saved 1147.25t of firewood per year due to the use of clean electric energy, thus reducing the direct emission from fuel combustion to 9829.638tC02; The carbon sequestration of forest increased 19858.65t (Masson pine plantation) and 4256.07t (cedar plantation), which were equivalent to 72815.04t and 15605.59t carbon dioxide respectively. Fujiang small hydropower station fuel generation in seven years cumulative reduction of 100417.46 t C02. This result is much higher than that of domestic conventional CDM small-scale (AMS-I-D) methodology (2678.33 t CO2), and is about twice as much as the emission reduction (44209.44 t / C02) calculated according to the guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower as a substitute for fuel. Comprehensive analysis of these three metering methodologies AMS-I-D methodology is currently commonly used in small-scale hydropower CDM projects, but its direct calculation of clean hydropower instead of thermal power emissions, in the process of small hydropower instead of fuel projects, Neglecting that projects are reducing carbon dioxide emissions from fuelwood burning and avoiding deforestation, The guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower for fuel replacement take into account the combustion and release of alternative fuels from small hydropower projects, The residual electricity is used to replace thermal power emissions in large power grids and to protect forests to increase carbon sequestration. However, the main parameters are based on some domestic research results when calculating the increase of carbon absorption by forests. Its applicability in international popularization and application is worthy of further discussion. The proposed CDM carbon metering methodology based on the existing CDM methodology and the scientific research data obtained from the actual investigation are more conducive to the application of the small hydropower fuel replacement project in China as an internationally recognized CDM project. Thus, the CERs generated by the project can be traded in the international carbon market.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV212;X322
本文编号：2232297
[Abstract]:The Clean Development Mechanism (Clean Development Mechanism, CDM) is the only mechanism in the Kyoto Protocol that allows the cooperation between developed and developing countries. It has become a global cooperation mechanism to deal with climate change. It is advantageous for developing countries to introduce funds to developed countries and absorb advanced science and technology to develop their own economies. The social public welfare project of small hydropower instead of fuel has produced extensive social, economic and ecological benefits since 2003. Especially, it plays a very important role in protecting local forest land and natural vegetation. However, there is no international methodology for carbon emission reduction in small hydropower projects. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of carbon metering methods at home and abroad and based on the existing CDM methodology, a new method is proposed to reduce the direct emissions from fuelwood combustion. The CDM carbon metering methodology of the small hydropower fuel replacement project from the three aspects of emission reduction and additional increase of forest carbon sink is discussed in this paper. Taking Fujiang small hydropower station in Majiang County, Guizhou Province as a case study, three metering methods are compared and analyzed. Based on the CDM carbon metering methodology proposed in this paper, the following results are obtained: from 2007 to 2013, residents in this project saved 1147.25t of firewood per year due to the use of clean electric energy, thus reducing the direct emission from fuel combustion to 9829.638tC02; The carbon sequestration of forest increased 19858.65t (Masson pine plantation) and 4256.07t (cedar plantation), which were equivalent to 72815.04t and 15605.59t carbon dioxide respectively. Fujiang small hydropower station fuel generation in seven years cumulative reduction of 100417.46 t C02. This result is much higher than that of domestic conventional CDM small-scale (AMS-I-D) methodology (2678.33 t CO2), and is about twice as much as the emission reduction (44209.44 t / C02) calculated according to the guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower as a substitute for fuel. Comprehensive analysis of these three metering methodologies AMS-I-D methodology is currently commonly used in small-scale hydropower CDM projects, but its direct calculation of clean hydropower instead of thermal power emissions, in the process of small hydropower instead of fuel projects, Neglecting that projects are reducing carbon dioxide emissions from fuelwood burning and avoiding deforestation, The guidelines for the calculation of Ecological benefits of small Hydropower for fuel replacement take into account the combustion and release of alternative fuels from small hydropower projects, The residual electricity is used to replace thermal power emissions in large power grids and to protect forests to increase carbon sequestration. However, the main parameters are based on some domestic research results when calculating the increase of carbon absorption by forests. Its applicability in international popularization and application is worthy of further discussion. The proposed CDM carbon metering methodology based on the existing CDM methodology and the scientific research data obtained from the actual investigation are more conducive to the application of the small hydropower fuel replacement project in China as an internationally recognized CDM project. Thus, the CERs generated by the project can be traded in the international carbon market.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV212;X322
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