香日德河流域生态用水研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 17:52

【摘要】：文章从生态学基本理论角度,研究理解生态用水定义,根据生态环境系统的基本组成,建立生态系统分类,将其划分为现状生态用水与未来生态需水,结合香日德河流域实际情况,进一步的将流域生态用水划分为森林植被生态用水、草地生态用水、农田生态用水、湖泊生态用水、河流输沙用水和河流基流用水。根据收集到的流域水资源、植被、气象等背景资料,进行合理的整理、遴选,采用定额法计算了香日德河流域不同类型的生态用水量,结果如下:森林植被生态用水量3.66×10~8m~3;草地生态用水量6.38×10~8m~3;农田生态用水量0.58×10~8m~3;湖泊生态用水量5.18×10~8m~3;河流基流生态用水量1.29×10~8m~3;河流输沙生态用水量2.35×10~8m~3。通过分析生态用水系数和生态用水模数,得出了流域生态用水量与降水量的比例关系及流域单位面积上的生态用水量。结果显示流域生态用水系数为47.86%,流域生态用水模数为12.79×104m3/km2。通过降水平衡分析,得出了流域生态用水与水资源的对比关系。根据香日德河流域生态建设规划,研究得到2020年流域生态需水量20.66×10~8m~3,其中森林植被生态需水量3.68×10~8m~3;草地生态用水量7.31×10~8m~3;农田生态用水量0.87×10~8m~3;湖泊和河道内生态用水量变化不大。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic theory of ecology, this paper studies and understands the definition of ecological water use, establishes the classification of ecological system according to the basic composition of ecological environment system, and divides it into current ecological water use and future ecological water demand. According to the actual situation of Xiangrde River Basin, the ecological water use in the watershed is further divided into forest vegetation ecological water, grassland ecological water, farmland ecological water, lake ecological water, river sediment transport water and river basic water. According to the collected background data of water resources, vegetation, meteorology and so on, the reasonable arrangement and selection are carried out, and the different types of ecological water consumption in Xiangrde River Basin are calculated by using the quota method. The results are as follows: forest vegetation ecological water consumption 3.66 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3), grassland ecological water consumption 6.38 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (-3), farmland ecological water consumption 0.58 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (-3), lake ecological water consumption 5.18 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3), river basic flow ecological water consumption 1.29 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3), river sediment transport ecological water consumption 2.35 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). Based on the analysis of ecological water use coefficient and ecological water use modulus, the relationship between ecological water consumption and precipitation and ecological water consumption per unit area of watershed were obtained. The results showed that the coefficient of ecological water use was 47.86 and the modulus of ecological water use was 12.79 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3 / km ~ (2). Through the analysis of precipitation balance, the comparative relationship between ecological water use and water resources is obtained. According to the ecological construction plan of Xiangrde River Basin, the ecological water demand of the watershed in 2020 was 20.66 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3), in which the ecological water requirement of forest vegetation was 3.68 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (-3); the ecological water consumption of grassland was 7.31 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3); the ecological water consumption of farmland was 0.87 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3); the ecological water consumption of lake and river was not changed much.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4

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