滇池流域典型城镇雨水径流特征及截流方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 10:08

【摘要】：为了开发高效截流设备，对初期雨水进行高效截流，在呈贡区选择了5个典型监测点位进行滇池流域典型城镇管内的暴雨径流特征研究。通过对城中村明渠、老城小区合流制支管、新城小区分流制管道等代表三种不同典型下垫面的三种不同排水管道以及老城区主管道进行水质水量规律分析发现，呈贡地区CODCr、SS、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均浓度分别为197mg/L、116mg/L、21.7mg/L、26.9mg/L和3.08mg/L。雨季SS浓度会显著增高。不同类型管道的污染物浓度差别较大，即使是同一污水管，不同降雨场次形成的污染物浓度差异也较大，波动范围较广。从负荷变化的角度来说，COD负荷和SS负荷变化同步，TN负荷和NH3-N负荷变化同步。随着降雨事件的不同，同一点位之间的负荷可能存在数量级上的差距。明渠和分流制管道出现的初期冲刷效应比较明显。为了探究浊度和电导率作为高效截流设备控制指标的可能性，进行了指标之间的相关性分析，分析发现营养盐指标之间的相关性较好，CODCr与SS或CODCr与营养盐指标之间的相关性取决于其形态。强降雨时，CODCr和SS的相关性变高。电导率和营养盐指标高度显著相关。所有监测点的电导率和氨氮的相关性均在0.8以上，和TN的相关性均在0.7以上。浊度和SS呈中度或高度显著相关，在大降雨径流场次下尤为明显。在相关性分析的基础上，建立了快速指标与传统指标之间的回归方程。电导率和氨氮、TN及TP的回归方程的拟合度较好，浊度和SS的回归方程的拟合度较好。昆明主城区的电导率是氨氮的约15.7倍，TN的约12倍；呈贡区的电导率是氨氮的13.3倍，TN的11.5倍。用浊度指示SS时，昆明主城区的浊度是SS的约0.7倍，呈贡区的浊度是SS的约0.6倍。由于截流营养盐减缓滇池富营养化是高效截流设备的主要任务之一，选择TN和流量作为为高效截流设备的控制指标，进行了截流效率和截流负荷的计算，并对两种截流方式进行了对比。分析发现：在城中村明渠，以流量为指标截流时，至少要截流20%的总流量，截流的总负荷才大于20%。当截流50%的总流量时，截流的有机物负荷和氮磷元素在60%~77%之间。在新区分流制管道，截流50%的总流量时，，CODCr、SS、NH3-N、TN和TP截流到的负荷百分比分别是69%、70%、28%、63%和53%等。以TN为控制指标和以流量为控制指标的截流效率取决于两者的过程变化。在分流制管道8-2场次，由于TN浓度过程线先降至约3.3mg/L稳定，后小幅上升后下降，所以，两种截流方式并无明显差异。在城中村明渠，由于TN浓度过程线是先上升后下降或存在多次上升下降，明渠当截流流量在40%以下，以TN为高效截流设备的控制指标的截流效率要高于以流量为高效截流设备的控制指标。超过40%的截流流量，二者的截流效率和截流负荷相等。
[Abstract]:In order to develop high efficient closure equipment, Rain Water was selected at five typical monitoring points to study the characteristics of rainstorm runoff in typical towns of Dianchi Lake basin. Based on the analysis of the water quality and water quantity of three different drainage pipes representing three typical underlying surfaces, the open channel in the village in the city, the confluence branch pipe in the old town district and the diverging pipe in the Xincheng district, it is found that the water quality and quantity of the main pipe in the old urban area are regular. The average concentrations of CODCr,SS,NH3-N,TN and TP in Chenggong region were 197 mg / L, 116 mg / L, 21.7 mg / L, 26.9 mg / L and 3.08 mg / L, respectively. In rainy season, SS concentration will increase significantly. The concentration of pollutants varies greatly in different types of pipelines, even in the same sewage pipe, the concentration of pollutants formed by different rainfall occasions is also quite different, and the range of fluctuation is relatively wide. From the point of view of load change, SS load and SS load change synchronously, TN load and NH3-N load change synchronously. With different rainfall events, there may be an order of magnitude difference between loads at the same point. The initial scour effect of open channel and distributary pipeline is obvious. In order to explore the possibility that turbidity and conductivity can be used as control indexes of high efficiency interceptor, the correlation analysis between the indicators is carried out. It was found that the correlation between the nutrient index and the SS or CODCr was better than that between the nutrient index and the CODCr, or the correlation between the CODCr and the nutrient index depended on their morphology. The correlation between CODCr and SS increased during heavy rainfall. The electrical conductivity was highly correlated with the nutrient index. The correlation between electrical conductivity and ammonia nitrogen and TN was more than 0. 8 and 0. 7 respectively. Turbidity was significantly correlated with SS, especially under heavy rainfall runoff. On the basis of correlation analysis, the regression equation between fast index and traditional index is established. The regression equations of conductivity and ammonia nitrogen TN and TP were better than turbidity and SS regression equations. The electrical conductivity of Kunming main urban area is about 15.7 times of ammonia nitrogen and 11.5 times of that of nitrogen in Chenggong area. When SS is indicated by turbidity, the turbidity of main urban area of Kunming is about 0.7 times that of SS, and the turbidity of Chenggong district is about 0.6 times that of SS. It is one of the main tasks of high efficiency closure equipment to slow down eutrophication of Dianchi Lake by intercepting nutrient salt. TN and flow rate are selected as the control index of high efficiency closure equipment, and the intercepting efficiency and load are calculated. The two closure modes are compared. It is found that in the open channel of the village in the city, when the flow rate is taken as the index, the total flow rate should be at least 20%, and the total load of the closure is more than 20%. When the total flow rate is 50%, the organic load and nitrogen and phosphorus elements of the intercepting flow are between 60% and 77%. When the total flow rate is 50%, the loading percentages of CODCrSS-NH3-NNN and TP are 69% and 70%, 63% and 53%, respectively. The closure efficiency with TN as control index and flow rate as control index depends on the process change of both. Because the concentration of TN decreases to about 3.3mg/L at first, then increases slightly and then decreases, there is no obvious difference between the two kinds of closure modes. In the open channel of the village in the city, because the TN concentration process line rises first and then decreases or has several ascending and descending, the open channel when the flow rate is less than 40%, The efficiency of flow closure with TN as the control index of high efficiency closure equipment is higher than that with flow rate as the control index of high efficiency closure equipment. More than 40% of the intercepting flow, the closure efficiency and the closure load are equal.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV121;TV213.9;TU992

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