山洪诱发中小型水库溃坝洪水风险分析研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 09:21

【摘要】：水库大坝溃决经常带来灾难性的损失，而山洪诱发的中小型水库溃决在溃坝事故中占有相当的比例，越来越受到国内外专家学者的广泛关注。本文收集了1991~2013年23年间289座水库大坝的溃坝案例，从不同的方面，对水库大坝溃决事件进行了统计分析，结果显示在所有水库溃坝事件中，，基本上都是中小型水库溃坝，无大型水库溃决。从溃坝类型方面分析，土石坝有278座，占统计总数的96.2%，而其中的大部分水库的溃决由于山区突发性暴雨洪水所致。因此，对山洪诱发的土石坝溃决开展洪水风险分析计算与相关研究，具有重要的价值与实际意义，研究内容包括以下几个方面： 1．分析山洪灾害的成因及特性，并针对收集的1991~2013年全国所有水库溃坝案例，分别从溃坝年份、省份分布、水库规模、大坝类型、坝高、工程状态、溃坝原因等方面进行全面的统计分析；总结了瞬间全部溃坝、瞬间部分溃坝、逐渐溃坝三种溃坝形式，并分析得出土石坝的溃坝形式为逐渐溃坝。 2．基于FORTRAN编程语言，构建了二维水动力学计算模型，在分析天津市静海县贾口洼蓄滞洪区相关资料的基础上，利用蓄滞洪区内1954年和1963年历史洪水对该模型进行了参数率定与模型验证。 3．结合工程实际，以宁夏灵武市旗眼山水库为例，应用论文中涉及到的研究方法与计算模型，对旗眼山水库进行溃坝计算、溃坝洪水在大河子沟内的一维演进计算以及在灵武市区西北方向的二维演进计算，结合GIS技术，直观的展示溃坝洪水的淹没范围、淹没水深等洪水风险要素，并对溃坝洪水进行洪水风险分析。
[Abstract]:Reservoir dam failure often brings disastrous losses, and the small and medium-sized reservoir failure caused by mountain torrents occupies a considerable proportion in dam break accidents, which has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, 289 dam failure cases from 1991 to 2013 are collected and analyzed statistically from different aspects. The results show that in all reservoir dam-break events, they are basically small and medium-sized ones. No large reservoir burst. From the analysis of dam break type, there are 278 earth-rock dams, which account for 96.22um of the total number of statistics, and most of them are caused by sudden torrential rain and flood in mountainous areas. Therefore, it is of great value and practical significance to carry out flood risk analysis and calculation and related research on the earth and rock dam collapse induced by mountain torrents. The research contents include the following aspects: 1. Analysis of the causes and characteristics of mountain torrents, According to all the cases collected from 1991 to 2013, the author makes a comprehensive statistical analysis from the year of dam break, distribution of provinces, reservoir size, dam type, dam height, engineering status, cause of dam break, etc. There are three kinds of dam-break forms: instantaneous partial dam-break and gradual dam-break, and the analysis shows that the dam-break form of earth-rock dam is gradual dam-break. 2. Based on the FORTRAN programming language, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation model is constructed. Based on the analysis of the relevant data of Jiakouwa flood storage area in Jinghai County, Tianjin, By using the historical floods of 1954 and 1963 in the flood storage and detention area, the parameters of the model were determined and the model was verified. 3. Taking the Qiyan Mountain Reservoir in Lingwu City of Ningxia as an example, using the research method and calculation model involved in the paper, the dam break calculation of the Qiyan Mountain Reservoir is carried out. The one-dimensional routing calculation of dam-break flood in Dahezigou and the two-dimensional routing calculation in northwest of Lingwu district, combined with GIS technology, can directly show the flood risk factors such as flood submergence scope and flood depth, etc. The flood risk of dam break flood is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV122.4

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