玉环县流域管理模式调查研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 20:08

【摘要】：近几十年来,国内外流域管理取得了长足发展,在促进流域环境资源开发和水资源可持续利用方面发挥了巨大作用。但总体上来说,我国的流域管理模式尚存在一些弊端,一定行政区域内的流域综合管理机构还没有建立并发挥有效作用。许多已有的流域管理机构体制陈旧,管理范围和所有权限不明晰;水资源分布不均衡,污染浪费严重,无法综合协调各行各业对水资源进行统一管理;流域管理与地方行政区域管理存在一定的冲突和矛盾,“以地方行政区域管理为中心”的分割管理状态仍存在,导致“公地悲剧”的产生。同时,由于部门管理的条块分割,难以形成供水、防洪、排污的连续管理,最终导致一方面水资源严重短缺,另一方面用水严重浪费等。目前,大部分流域管理研究都基于大江大河,这些流域都是跨多个行政区划,流域的资源开发和利用涉及多个利益主体。而针对某一个特定行政区域内的流域综合管理模式的探索较少。玉环县作为一个相对独立的海岛县,是我国12个海岛县中经济发展水平较高的一个县,行政区域内没有跨越其他县市的流域和水系,加上海岛的各种自然条件特性,决定了该区域内的流域综合管理模式探索研究具有独特的代表性和参考价值。本文选取了浙江省玉环县境内所有流域范围作为研究对象,通过对国内外流域管理模式和管理体制的研究成果进行梳理和总结,在我国现行的流域管理体制基础上探索研究一个相对独立的行政区域内实施小流域可持续发展战略需要的流域管理新模式,从而推进流域可持续发展利用。论文分析了玉环县流域管理现状及存在的问题,以实现流域水资源可持续利用、保障民生为前提,对玉环县流域综合管理模式进行系统的构建,结合玉环县的经验,探讨实现流域综合管理的建设方案,从机构能力建设、法律与政策保障体系建设、制度框架体系建设以及流域治理技术体系建设四个方面提出设想和对策,以此构建相对独立的行政区域内流域新型管理框架和管理模式,实现在以政府为主导的基础上,理顺纵向区域和横向部门之间的矛盾,进行区域流域的统一规划、实施、协调和管理,推动流域管理的科学化、法制化和现代化,保障区域社会经济和谐健康发展。通过探索研究,本文最终提出建立“以政府管理为主导,流域管理机构为纽带,行业部门管理为基础”的多元化协同治理的流域管理新模式,实现了流域管理与行政区域管理相互监督、相互制约、相互促进、共同发展的有机结合,创新了小流域管理的模式方法,把保护水资源的可持续利用与区域经济社会可持续发展的新需求有机地结合起来。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, watershed management has made great progress at home and abroad, and has played a great role in promoting the exploitation of environmental resources and sustainable utilization of water resources. On the whole, however, there are still some drawbacks in the watershed management model in China, and the integrated watershed management institutions in a certain administrative region have not been established and played an effective role. Many existing watershed management institutions are old, the scope of management and ownership limits are not clear, the distribution of water resources is not balanced, the pollution and waste is serious, and it is impossible to comprehensively coordinate various industries for unified management of water resources. There are some conflicts and contradictions between watershed management and local administrative region management. The split management state of "taking local administrative region management as the center" still exists, which leads to the "tragedy of common land". At the same time, it is difficult to form continuous management of water supply, flood control and sewage because of the division of department management, which leads to serious shortage of water resources on the one hand and serious waste of water on the other. At present, most of the research on watershed management is based on the big rivers. These basins span many administrative divisions, and the exploitation and utilization of watershed resources involve many stakeholders. However, the exploration of integrated watershed management model in a specific administrative region is less. Yuhuan County, as a relatively independent island county, is a county with a relatively high level of economic development among the 12 island counties in our country. There are no river basins and water systems across other counties and cities in the administrative region, and the characteristics of various natural conditions of the islands are added. It is determined that the exploration and research of integrated watershed management model in this region has unique representativeness and reference value. In this paper, all the watershed scope in Yuhuan County of Zhejiang Province is selected as the research object, and the research results of watershed management model and management system at home and abroad are summarized and summarized. On the basis of the current watershed management system in China, this paper explores and studies a new model of watershed management which is needed to implement the strategy of sustainable development of small watershed in a relatively independent administrative region, so as to promote the sustainable development and utilization of watershed. This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of watershed management in Yuhuan County. Based on the premise of realizing sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin and ensuring people's livelihood, the integrated management model of the watershed in Yuhuan County is systematically constructed and combined with the experience of Yuhuan County. This paper discusses the construction scheme of integrated watershed management, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures from four aspects: institutional capacity building, legal and policy guarantee system construction, institutional framework system construction and watershed management technical system construction. In this way, a relatively independent new management framework and management model of watershed in administrative region can be constructed, and the contradiction between vertical region and horizontal department can be straightened out on the basis of government leading, and the unified planning and implementation of regional watershed can be carried out. Coordination and management will promote the scientific, legalization and modernization of watershed management, and ensure the harmonious and healthy development of regional social economy. Through exploration and research, this paper finally puts forward the establishment of a new multi-cooperative management model of watershed management, which is based on government management, watershed management institutions and trade sector management. It realizes the organic combination of mutual supervision, mutual restriction, mutual promotion and common development between watershed management and administrative region management, and innovates the mode and method of small watershed management. The sustainable utilization of the protection of water resources is organically combined with the new demands of the sustainable development of regional economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4

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