静水动水条件下冰厚的原型观测及计算模拟

发布时间：2018-10-17 08:34

【摘要】：冬季湖泊河流冰盖的形成对渔业及水工建筑物等造成一定的影响,为了探究黄河冰厚生长过程及规律,本文于2015-2016年对内蒙古托克托县什四份子水塘及黄河内蒙段什四份子等9个断面的气温、冰厚等要素进行了野外原型观测。根据试验的结果,总结得到水塘静水冰的生长过程及其与气温的关系,并基于冻冰度-日原理对静水冰生长过程进行了模拟;除此之外,本文以水塘静水冰的生长过程为辅助,综合考虑气温及动力因素,以修正的冻冰度-日公式对黄河内蒙段什四份子等9个断面的冰厚过程进行了模拟。取得以下主要结论:(1)水塘静水冰在结冰初期主要受气温影响,日内变化较大;在稳封期主要受累积负气温的影响,冰厚几乎呈线性增长。(2)以冻冰度-日原理及朱波夫模型对静水冰厚生长过程进行模拟,结果表明:修正的冻冰度-日公式较之冻冰度-日经验公式、理想公式更接近实测值;朱波夫半经验公式模拟效果更优于修正的冻冰度-日公式。(3)通过对黄河内蒙段什四份子等9个断面的观测可知:在流凌期,随着气温的逐渐降低,流凌密度渐增,直至封河;在封河期,观测区域内水位变化趋于平稳。(4)以冻冰度-日原理为基础,建立了以气温、流速求解冰厚的修正公式。将已知站点的气温通过距离平方反比法插值得到其余站点的气温变化;以日平均流量、断面地形及日平均水位得到断面日平均流速,以头道拐实测数据率定公式中各项系数。结果表明:修正公式拟合结果较实测值具有较高精度。最终以此公式模拟得到黄河内蒙段观测区域内各站的冰厚生长过程与累积负气温的关系图。
[Abstract]:The formation of lake river ice cover in winter has a certain influence on fishery and hydraulic structure. In order to study the process and law of ice thickness growth of Yellow River, In this paper, the temperature and ice thickness of nine sections of Shisijiao Reservoir in Toketo County, Inner Mongolia, and the elements of ice thickness in Inner Mongolia were observed in 2015-2016. According to the results of the experiment, the growth process of still water ice and its relationship with air temperature are summarized, and the growth process of still water ice is simulated based on the principle of freezing degree and day. In addition, the growth process of still water ice in reservoir is used as an aid. Considering the air temperature and dynamic factors, the ice thickness processes of nine sections of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia were simulated by using the modified freezing degree and daily formula. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ice in the reservoir is mainly affected by air temperature in the early stage of ice formation, and is mainly affected by the accumulated negative air temperature during the stabilization period. The ice thickness is almost linearly increased. (2) the ice thickness growth process in still water is simulated by using the freezing degree-day principle and the Jupov model. The results show that the modified formula is closer to the measured value than the empirical formula. The simulation effect of Jupov's semi-empirical formula is better than that of the modified freeze-day formula. (3) through the observation of nine sections of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, we can see that during the current transit period, the density of the current is gradually increasing with the decrease of the temperature, and the density of the current is gradually increasing until the closure of the river; During the period of river closure, the variation of water level in the observed area tends to be stable. (4) based on the principle of freezing ice degree and day, a modified formula for calculating ice thickness by temperature and velocity is established. The air temperature of the known stations is interpolated by the method of inverse ratio of distance square to other stations, and the daily average velocity is obtained by the daily average flow rate, section topography and daily average water level, and the coefficients in the formula are determined by the measured data rate of the corner of the head road. The results show that the fitting result of the modified formula is more accurate than that of the measured value. Finally, the relationship between the ice thickness growth process and the accumulated negative air temperature in the observation area of the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River is simulated by using this formula.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV698.26

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