基于MSMA驱动的水轮机调速器高速开关阀研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 13:39

【摘要】：水轮发电机组的运行可靠性以及电力系统的电能质量受水轮机调速器调节质量的影响较大,特别对于一些中小型机组,水轮机调速器性能的优劣,将直接关系到机组及电网系统的安全稳定运行。作为水轮机调速器系统的主要组成部分,先导阀部分一般采用高速开关阀等电液伺服阀结构。但是,目前大部分中小型水电站所采用的高速开关阀难以实现大流量和高频率响应,因此,高性能的水轮机调速器高速开关阀研制已成为国内外研究热点问题。本文以磁控形状记忆合金(MSMA)新型智能材料作为驱动源,研究一种既能够实现水轮机调速器高频率响应,又能够满足其大流量需求的高速开关阀。MSMA是一种同时具有感知和驱动能于一体的新型智能材料,且拥有形状记忆效应、超弹性效应和抗疲劳效应等优点,在精密器件制造领域应用非常广泛,这对磁控形状记忆合金水轮机调速器高速开关阀的研究提供了良好的基础。本文的研究主要内容如下:(1)分析总结了水轮机调速器高速开关阀的发展现状及磁控形状记忆合金材料的研究情况,并结合对水轮机调速器电液随动系统的原理分析,提出将磁控形状记忆合金高速开关阀应用到水轮机调速器电液随动系统中;(2)分析了磁控形状记忆合金材料特性,选取了合适的形变恢复方法,并对材料的形变率影响因素进行了研究,给出了MSMA的形变率与外加磁场、温度之间的关系,通过几种本构关系模型的对比分析,选取合适的模型以缓解磁控合金的磁滞效应;(3)提出了一种基于MSMA驱动的水轮机调速器高速开关阀设计方案。根据实际工作参数要求,通过理论与COMOSOL仿真分析,合理设计了高速开关阀各部件的结构和尺寸,并选取了阀体各部件的材料;(4)搭建了实验测试平台,并对实验样机性能进行了测试,研究了线圈匝数、电流大小对磁场强度和阀芯位移的影响规律,并就有关数据与理论仿真数据进行了对比,分析了数据偏差的原因,为后续水轮机调速器高速开关阀的结构优化提供了基础。
[Abstract]:The reliability of turbine generator set and the power quality of power system are greatly affected by the regulating quality of hydraulic turbine governor, especially for some small and medium-sized units, the performance of hydraulic turbine governor is good and bad. It will be directly related to the safe and stable operation of the unit and power system. As the main component of hydraulic turbine governor system, the pilot valve is usually with high speed switch valve and other electro-hydraulic servo valve structure. However, at present, it is difficult to realize large flow rate and high frequency response of high speed switch valve used in most small and medium-sized hydropower stations. Therefore, the development of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor has become a hot issue at home and abroad. In this paper, a novel magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) smart material is used as the driving source to study the high frequency response of hydraulic turbine governor. MSMA is a new type of smart material with both sensing and driving capability, and it has the advantages of shape memory effect, hyperelastic effect and fatigue resistance effect, etc. It is widely used in the manufacture of precision devices, which provides a good basis for the research of high speed switch valve of magnetic shape memory alloy hydraulic turbine governor. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the development of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor and the research of magnetic control shape memory alloy material are summarized, and the principle of electro-hydraulic servo system of hydraulic turbine governor is analyzed. The application of magnetic shape memory alloy high speed switch valve to hydraulic servo system of hydraulic turbine governor is put forward. (2) the material characteristics of magnetic shape memory alloy are analyzed and the appropriate deformation recovery method is selected. The influence factors of the deformation rate of the material are studied, and the relationship between the deformation rate of MSMA and the external magnetic field and temperature is given, and the comparison and analysis of several constitutive relation models are carried out. A suitable model is selected to alleviate the hysteresis effect of the magnetically controlled alloy. (3) A design scheme of high speed switch valve of hydraulic turbine governor based on MSMA is proposed. According to the requirements of practical working parameters, through theoretical and COMOSOL simulation analysis, reasonable design of the structure and size of each component of the high speed switch valve, and selected the material of each component of the valve body. (4) built the experimental test platform, The performance of the experimental prototype is tested, and the influence of coil turns and current on magnetic field intensity and spool displacement is studied. The data are compared with the theoretical simulation data, and the reasons of data deviation are analyzed. It provides the foundation for the structure optimization of the high speed switch valve of the hydraulic turbine governor.
【学位授予单位】：南昌工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM312

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