水面线推求在中小河流治理中的应用

发布时间：2018-10-30 11:51

【摘要】：我国是世界上河流最多的国家之一，除了松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、珠江[1]七大江河干流及其主要的支流，全国范围内存在有众多的中小型河流。长期以来，大江大河治理工作一直受到广泛关注，但中小河流防洪治理却相对迟缓，大部分中小河流尚未治理或治理标准较低，工程质量较差，洪涝灾害频发，因此中小河流治理工作已经刻不容缓。本文为针对河北省遵化市境内黎河支流双城河所做的河道治理研究。近年来，双城河河道两岸发展很快，尾矿沙排入河道、周边居民向河道中倾倒垃圾等现象时有发生，现状河道防洪堤防已残缺不全，形同虚设。目前河道行洪能力仅为不足5年一遇。本文就双城河存在的问题，提出主要通过对河道过水断面进行清淤、修整，修筑堤防及现有堤防加高培固等工程措施，恢复河道正常泄洪能力来解决洪水下泄不畅的问题，确保两岸城镇防洪安全，保证农业生产的可持续发展，使河道防洪标准恢复至10年一遇。开展此次双城河河道整治工作的一个重要环节是水面线的推求，通过推求水面线可以分析得出河道的过流能力、存在的安全隐患、确定工程的规模、以及指导施工等。其准确与否决定河道整治的工程量、投资，以及河道的安全、稳定等问题。因此本文就双城河的水面线推求部分采取由美国陆军工程兵团水文工程中心开发的HEC RAS软件和广东省水利厅建设管理中心、广州沃亚软件有限公司联合开发的水文水利设计计算软件HydroLab以及由武汉水利软件工作室开发的天然河道水面线系统V2008软件对比分析的方式，分别利用三种软件推求河道的现状河道底高程和水面线并通过对三种软件计算数据的比较分析，结合各个桩号的现状横断图，排除不合理的数据，还原真实的河道现状。根据现状河底高程线，结合工程量、河道走势、河道纵坡、下游汇入口高程等因素，综合考虑设计河底高程线，再根据河道两边的实际情况，制定出合理的断面图，，并设计出河流的治理段设计水面线。为河道堤防设计提供重要依据，并决定堤防规模与防洪安全。最后，总结了我国中小河流治理的紧迫性、水面线推求的重要性和水面线推求方法的适用性，并对我国中小河流治理提出几点建议。
[Abstract]:China is one of the largest rivers in the world, except Songhua River, Liaohe River, Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Pearl River and its main tributaries. For a long time, great rivers have received extensive attention, but the flood control of small and medium-sized rivers has been relatively slow. Most of the small and medium rivers have not been regulated or have low control standards, the engineering quality is poor, and floods occur frequently. Therefore, the small and medium river management work has been urgent. This paper is a study on river regulation of Shuangcheng River, a tributary of Li River in Zunhua City, Hebei Province. In recent years, the river banks of Shuangcheng River have developed rapidly, the tailings have been discharged into the channel, and the surrounding residents have dumped garbage into the river. At present, the flood discharge capacity of the river is less than 5 years. In view of the existing problems in Shuangcheng River, this paper puts forward some engineering measures, such as clearing the silt, repairing the section of the river course, building dikes and strengthening the existing levees, and restoring the normal flood discharge capacity of the river to solve the problem of unobstructed flood discharge. To ensure the safety of flood control in cities and towns, to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production, and to restore the flood control standards of river courses to once in 10 years. An important link in the river regulation work of Shuangcheng River is the calculation of the water surface line. Through the analysis of the water surface line, it can be concluded that the overcurrent capacity of the river course, the hidden danger of safety, the determination of the scale of the project, and the guidance of construction, etc. Its accuracy or not determines the amount of river regulation, investment, as well as the channel safety, stability and other issues. Therefore, in this paper, the HEC RAS software developed by the Hydrological Engineering Center of the US Army Corps of Engineering and the Construction and Management Center of the Guangdong Water Conservancy Department are adopted to calculate the water surface line of the Shuangcheng River. The way of comparing and analyzing the software of hydrology and water conservancy design and calculation developed jointly by Guangzhou Waya Software Co., Ltd., and the software V2008 of natural channel water surface line system developed by Wuhan Water Conservancy Software Studio. Three kinds of software are used to calculate the current river channel bottom elevation and water surface line, and through the comparison and analysis of the three kinds of software calculation data, combined with the status of each pile number of cross-sectional map, eliminate unreasonable data, restore the true river status quo. According to the present situation of river bottom elevation line, combined with the factors of engineering quantity, river course trend, river channel longitudinal slope, downstream sink entrance elevation and so on, the design of river bottom elevation line is considered synthetically, and then according to the actual situation of both sides of the river, a reasonable sectional map is worked out. And designed the regulation section of the river design water surface line. It provides an important basis for river embankment design and determines the scale of dyke and flood control safety. Finally, this paper summarizes the urgency, importance of water surface line and applicability of water surface line calculation, and puts forward some suggestions for the treatment of small and medium-sized rivers in China.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV85;TV133

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