近50a塔里木河流域“四源”农业用水与干流生态系统结构变化关系研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 21:22

【摘要】：塔里木河源流区农业用水量直接影响下放至干流的水量,从而间接影响干流区生态系统结构的稳定性。为此,研究基于农业水足迹反映农业用水变化情况,进而分析塔里木河流域"四源"农业用水与干流生态系统结构变化的关系,为后续维护干流生态系统结构稳定性决策提供科学参考依据。结果表明:1960年代—1990年塔里木河"四源"农用地总量变化不大,阿克苏河流域新开垦量与叶尔羌河流域减少量相当,农业水足迹同时呈缓慢小幅增长,干流生态系统结构变化以自然绿洲生态系统缩小和荒漠生态系统扩张为主;以2000年为分界点,2000年之前"四源"农用地和农业水足迹显著增加,导致干流生态系统中自然水域生态系统、自然绿洲生态系统和荒漠生态系统皆有不同程度的萎缩,"四源"农业用水消耗是干流生态系统恶化的直接原因;2000年之后在生态治理工程的影响下,虽然"四源"农用地和总农业水足迹在持续增加,但是节水工程年均节约近27.22×108m3,保证了下游生态系统的需水量,使其得到一定恢复。
[Abstract]:Agricultural water consumption in the source area of the Tarim River directly affects the amount of water released to the main stream, which indirectly affects the stability of ecosystem structure in the main stream area. Therefore, the relationship between the agricultural water use and the structural change of the main stream ecosystem is analyzed based on the agricultural water footprint reflecting the change of agricultural water use, and the relationship between the four sources of agricultural water use and the structural changes of the main stream ecosystem in the Tarim River Basin. It provides a scientific reference for the decision of maintaining the structural stability of the main stream ecosystem. The results show that the total amount of agricultural land of "four sources" in Tarim River changed little from 1960s to 1990, the amount of new reclamation in Aksu River Basin was equal to the decrease amount of Yerqiang River basin, and the agricultural water footprint increased slowly and slightly at the same time. The main structural changes of the main stream ecosystem are the reduction of the natural oasis ecosystem and the expansion of the desert ecosystem. Taking the year 2000 as the dividing point, the "four sources" agricultural land and agricultural water footprint increased significantly before 2000, which resulted in the shrinkage of the natural water ecosystem, the natural oasis ecosystem and the desert ecosystem in the main stream ecosystem to varying degrees. The consumption of agricultural water for "four sources" is the direct cause of the deterioration of the main stream ecosystem. After 2000, under the influence of the ecological control project, although the "four sources" agricultural land and the total agricultural water footprint are increasing continuously, the average annual saving of the water-saving project is about 27.22 脳 108 m3, which ensures the water demand of the downstream ecosystem and makes it recover to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅重大科技专项(201230117-1) 国家自然科学基金项目(41171295) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050104) “千人计划”——新疆项目(374231001)~~
【分类号】：S27;TV213.4

【相似文献】