纺织服装产品水足迹标签体系的研究与建立

发布时间：2018-11-03 12:39

【摘要】：水资源是人类生存、生产以及一切经济活动的基础,但由于水资源存在形式的多样性以及区域分布的不均性,能够被人类利用的水资源是十分有限的。人口增长、工农业的发展以及消费方式的改变使水源危机(数量和质量)日趋严峻。纺织服装产品的生产对水资源具有较强的依赖性,因此纺织服装行业也成为各国水资源政策和法规的重点管控对象。水足迹作为一种新型水资源管理工具,能够量化产品生产对水资源的影响程度,因此成为众多研究领域的热点。将水足迹与环境标志相结合以解决水资源问题,也是政府、行业和研究学者正在尝试的方向之一。基于此,本文充分利用水足迹理论的优势,结合水资源的分布和纺织服装产品的生产特点,提出了建立纺织服装产品水足迹标签体系的构想。由于纺织服装产品的多样性和复杂性,水足迹理论在纺织服装领域方面的应用尚处探索阶段,水足标签体系的建立仍面临诸多困难,主要体现在水足迹标签的指标表征(水足迹核算边界、区域水资源差异、产品分类规则)和水足迹标签的实施(数据收集和核算、水足迹标签的推广)方面。针对以上问题,本文在参考相关文献、标准的基础上,结合企业调研和专家访谈,首先规范了水足迹核算的时间和空间边界,并根据水资源的特点和水足迹的构成,分别选取了区域用水负荷和单位水资源COD排放量强度两个指标来反应区域水资源的数量和质量现状;其次,在现有纺织服装产品分类标准的基础上,结合产品生产过程中的水资源消耗特点,确定了以产品加工方式、主要成分和染整方式为主要区分方式的产品分类体系;然后,针对水足迹核算中的数据收集问题,借助Access数据库软件,建立了产品水足迹数据库框架,实现了相关数据的存储、计算、查询和分析功能,并借助实地调研数据验证了数据库功能的可实现性;最后,针对水足迹标签的推广问题,结合专家访谈的结果从不同利益相关方的角度提出了针对性的应对措施。本课题结合水资源、水足迹、纺织服装企业和产品的特点,建立了纺织服装产品水足迹标签体系。该体系的建立有助于从政府、行业、企业和消费者不同层面提高对水资源的认识和管理水平。政府层面,国际化的标准和认证体系的建立,有助于增强我国在国际社会中负责任大国的形象;行业层面,水足迹标签有利于及时了解企业的水资源管理水平和存在的问题,以制定相应的指导和监管方案,实现行业水资源的可持续发展;企业层面,水足迹标签的实施有助于增强企业节水减排意识,优化产品结构,提高企业水资源管理水平。水足迹标签的认证也有能够增强企业在国际市场中的竞争力和影响力,降低其在国际贸易中遭遇贸易壁垒的风险;消费者层面,水足迹标签的推广有助于消费者了解产品生产对水环境的影响程度,引导消费者购买和使用对水环境危害较小的产品。
[Abstract]:Water resources are the basis for human survival, production and all economic activities, but due to diversity in the form of water resources and the heterogeneity of regional distribution, water resources that can be utilized by humans are very limited. The growth of population, the development of industry and agriculture and the change of consumption mode make the water source crisis (quantity and quality) increasingly serious. The production of textile and clothing products has a strong dependence on water resources, so the textile and clothing industry also becomes the key control object of national water resources policies and regulations. As a new water resource management tool, the water footprint can quantify the impact of product production on water resources, thus becoming a hot spot in many research fields. The combination of water footprint and environmental indicators to address water problems is also one of the directions that governments, industries and researchers are trying. Based on this, this paper makes full use of the advantages of water footprint theory, combines the distribution of water resources and the production characteristics of textile and clothing products, and puts forward the concept of establishing the water footprint label system of textile clothing products. Due to the diversity and complexity of textile and clothing products, the application of water footprint theory in the field of textile and clothing is still exploring stage, the establishment of water foot label system still faces many difficulties, mainly reflected in the index representation of water footprint label (water footprint accounting boundary, regional water resource difference, Implementation of product classification rules) and water footprint labels (data collection and accounting, promotion of water footprint labels). Aiming at the above problems, based on the reference literatures and standards, combined with enterprise research and expert interview, the time and space boundary of water footprint accounting are standardized, and according to the characteristics of water resources and the composition of water footprint, Secondly, on the basis of the classification standard of the existing textile and clothing products, combined with the characteristics of water resource consumption in the production process of the products, The product classification system based on product processing mode, main component and dyeing and finishing method is determined, and then the product water footprint database framework is established based on Access database software for data collection in water footprint accounting, and the storage of relevant data is realized. In the end, aiming at the popularization of water footprint label, based on the results of expert interview, the author puts forward some corresponding countermeasures from the angle of different stakeholders. This topic combines the characteristics of water resources, water footprint, textile and clothing enterprises and products, and establishes the water footprint label system of textile and clothing products. The establishment of the system helps to improve the knowledge and management level of water resources from different levels of government, industry, enterprises and consumers. The establishment of the standard and certification system of the government level and internationalization will help to strengthen our country's image of any big country in the international community; the industry level, the water footprint label will help to understand the water resource management level and the existing problems of the enterprise in a timely manner, so as to develop the corresponding guidance and supervision plan. The sustainable development of water resources in the industry is realized; the implementation of water footprint labels helps to enhance the consciousness of water saving and emission reduction of enterprises, optimize product structure and improve the management level of water resources of enterprises. The certification of water footprint label also has the ability to enhance the competitiveness and influence of enterprises in the international market, reduce their risk of encountering trade barriers in international trade, and promote consumers to understand the impact of product production on water environment at the consumer level. Guide consumers to buy and use products that are less hazardous to the water environment.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4;TS941.1

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