水电站坝身沉冲沙系统试验研究与数值模拟

发布时间：2018-11-04 17:40

【摘要】：水电站沉沙池按常规大多布置在枢纽首部,由于受地形地质条件限制,因此可将沉沙池同坝体相结合,以满足空间布置要求,而在此条件下对沉沙池的沉冲沙效果提出了更高的要求。通过模型试验发现了某水电站坝身式沉沙和冲沙系统设计中的水力学问题,提出了裁弯取直、加分流墩、增加整流池以及改变冲沙方式等措施,在此基础上,对沉沙和冲沙两种工况下沉沙池内的水流流态、断面流速分布等水力特性进行了模型试验和数值计算研究。结果表明,沉沙池优化后,沉沙和冲沙效果均能够满足设计要求;优化后的沉沙池在沉沙工况时其内水流流速较小、分布更加均匀,便于泥沙沉降,冲沙工况下水流能够集中在冲沙底孔进入沉沙池,水流流速较大,可以顺利将泥沙冲出沉沙池。
[Abstract]:Sediment ponds of hydropower stations are usually arranged at the head of the hub. Because of the limitation of topographic and geological conditions, the sedimentation ponds can be combined with the dam body to meet the requirements of spatial arrangement. Under this condition, a higher requirement is put forward for the effect of sediment sink. The hydraulic problems in the design of sediment sinking and sand washing system of a hydropower station dam are found through model tests, and some measures are put forward, such as cutting and bending straightening, adding shunt piers, increasing rectifier pool and changing the way of sand flushing, etc. The model tests and numerical calculations were carried out to study the hydraulic characteristics of the flow state and the velocity distribution of the section in the sediment tank under the two working conditions of sediment subsidence and scouring. The results show that the sedimentation and scouring effects can meet the design requirements after the sediment sink is optimized. The flow velocity of the optimized sedimentation tank is smaller and more uniform, which is convenient for sediment sedimentation. Under the condition of sand washing, the flow can be concentrated in the bottom hole of the scouring sand, and the flow velocity is higher. The sediment can be washed out of the sediment pool.
【作者单位】：水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室;密歇根州立大学;
【基金】：自然科学基金资助项目(51079091,51209154)
【分类号】：TV146

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