沣西新城海绵城市建设中居住小区雨水花园设计与营建研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 15:56

【摘要】：近几十年来,中国经济的快速发展推动着城市化进程迅猛,城市生态环境问题凸显,一方面很多我国城市水资源匮乏且分布不均,城市地下水位下降,另一方面,城市化带来的不透水面积增加导致城市雨水无法自然下渗,从而引发频繁出现的城市内涝。针对此类城市雨洪问题,中央提出了“海绵城市”的发展思路。雨水花园作为城市重要的“海绵体”,在国外已得到普遍运用,而在我国起步晚,而且缺乏因地制宜的研究和成功的工程案例。城市居住小区大多具有不透水面积大、建筑密度较高、地下空间开发利用强度大的特点,这些特点更加制约着雨水自然下渗和综合利用。基于这些特点,居住小区雨水花园的设计与营建成为城市建设者和设计者关注的问题。本文以沣西新城海绵城市建设为背景,以沣西新城居住小区康定和园、沣润和园、天福和园为例,从风景园林学的角度出发,采用文献研究、调查研究、案例的研究方法,探讨城市居住小区雨水花园设计与营建方法。第一,对雨水花园概念进行界定,并总结现有的雨水花园分类方法,分析雨水花园的生态、经济、美学功能,梳理了雨水花园的理论基础,对国内外成功的雨水花园案例进行分析。第二,对沣西新城康定和园、沣润和园、天福和园三个小区中的雨水花园进行案例分析,结合文献研究得到沣西新城的气候、水文、土壤、雨水利用等情况,分析小区中雨水花园的主要类型、构造、植物配置、景观效果和与人的关系,对现状问题进行总结。第三,提出了影响居住小区雨水花园设计的自然因素、人工因素和政策因素;总结场地的汇水模式;对研究区进行汇水单元的划分,共得到113个汇水单元,基于汇水单元划分,将小区的场地类型进行划分为9种类型,分别是建筑物+绿地+道路、建筑物+广场、道路+绿地、停车场+绿地+道路、建筑物+绿地、广场+道路+绿地、建筑物+绿地+停车场+道路、停车场+广场+道路+绿地、广场+道路,并总结汇水单元的场地特征;提取每种场地类型的雨水花园模式进行分析;第四,提出雨水花园种植设计的原则和方法,总结雨水花园的植物种类和材料应用;讨论雨水花园雨水管、雨水口、排水沟渠、溢流口和水流高差处理的细部设计;根据研究提出雨水花园的设计要点;提出材料应用的方法和雨水花园的维护与管理要点。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the rapid development of China's economy has promoted the rapid process of urbanization, and the urban ecological environment problems have become prominent. On the one hand, many cities in China are short of water resources and uneven distribution, the urban groundwater level is falling, on the other hand, The increase of impervious area caused by urbanization makes Rain Water unable to infiltrate naturally, thus causing frequent urban waterlogging. In view of this kind of city rain flood problem, the central government proposed the "sponge city" the development thought. Rain Water Garden, as an important "sponge body" in the city, has been widely used abroad, but it started late in our country, and lack of local research and successful engineering cases. Most urban residential areas have the characteristics of large impervious area, high building density and high intensity of development and utilization of underground space. These characteristics restrict Rain Water's natural infiltration and comprehensive utilization. Based on these characteristics, the design and construction of Rain Water Garden in the residential district has become a concern of urban builders and designers. This paper takes the construction of sponge city in Fengxi New Town as the background, taking Kangding, Fengrun and Tianfuhe as examples, from the angle of landscape architecture, using the methods of literature research, investigation and case study. This paper discusses the design and construction method of Rain Water garden in urban residential district. First, the concept of Rain Water garden is defined, and the current classification method of Rain Water garden is summarized, and the ecological, economic and aesthetic functions of Rain Water garden are analyzed, and the theoretical basis of Rain Water garden is combed. This paper analyzes the successful case of Rain Water Garden at home and abroad. Second, a case study of Rain Water Garden in three small areas of Fengxi New Town, Kangding Garden, Fengrun Garden, Tianfu Garden, Fengxi New Town, and the use of climate, hydrology, soil, Rain Water in Fengxi New Town, combined with literature research, was made. This paper analyzes the main types, structure, plant configuration, landscape effect and relationship with people of Rain Water garden in the community, and summarizes the present situation. Thirdly, it puts forward the natural factors, artificial factors and policy factors that affect the design of Rain Water garden in the residential district, and summarizes the water catchment mode of the site. A total of 113 catchment units were obtained in the study area. Based on the division of the catchment units, the site types of the district were divided into 9 types, namely, the green road of buildings, the square of buildings, and the green space of roads. Parking lot green road, building green space, square road green space, building green space car park road, parking lot square road green space, square road, and summing up the site characteristic of water gathering unit; Rain Water garden pattern of each site type was extracted for analysis. Fourth, the principles and methods for the planting design of Rain Water garden were put forward, and the plant species and material application of Rain Water garden were summarized. This paper discusses the detailed design of Rain Water garden rainwater pipe, Rain Water entrance, drainage ditch, overflow outlet and water flow height difference treatment, puts forward the design essentials of Rain Water garden according to the study, and puts forward the methods of material application and the maintenance and management of Rain Water garden.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.9;TU985.125

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