长江泥沙调控与干流河床演变及治理中的关键科学技术问题与预期成果展望
发布时间：2018-11-13 21:05
【摘要】：长江流域面积1.8×106km2,人口和国民生产总值均超过全国的40%,是中国水资源配置的战略水源地、水电开发的主要基地、连接东中西部的"黄金水道"和珍稀水生生物的天然宝库,在中国经济社会发展中具有重要的战略地位。近些年来,在自然条件和人类活动的双重影响下,长江泥沙时空分布与产输过程发生了重大变化,给河流开发利用与保护均带来了显著影响,而沿江经济社会快速发展和生态文明建设不断对长江泥沙提出调控要求。同时,河流工程建设和泥沙资源化利用的发展也使长江泥沙调控具备了基本条件。但泥沙兼具灾害性与资源性,泥沙调控与河流功能发挥之间存在着矛盾与统一,需要深入研究。国家重点研发计划项目"长江泥沙调控及干流河道演变与治理技术研究"以揭示长江泥沙输移分布与河流开发及保护之间的耦合作用关系,研究提出满足沿江经济社会和生态环境需求的长江泥沙调控、河道演变与治理的基本理论和关键技术为总目标;重点研究长江泥沙来源与时空分布变异规律和趋势,河道演变对水沙输移变化的响应机制,控制性水利水电工程联合运用下长江干流和洞庭湖、鄱阳湖的水沙输移规律,河床重塑过程与驱动机制及其防洪、航运和岸滩利用等多重效应,长江泥沙多维耦合与协同调控的理论和方法,并研发多尺度、多目标与多过程泥沙联合调控技术和河道治理技术。通过项目研究,预计将揭示多因素影响下长江来水来沙时空变异特征与趋势、水沙输移与河道演变的响应机制;定量预测控制性水库联合运用下长江和洞庭湖、鄱阳湖泥沙输移与冲淤过程,揭示长江河道的重塑过程、相对平衡状态与驱动机制,阐明河流系统再造的防洪、航运及岸滩利用等多重效应;构建长江泥沙调控的理论框架,建立泥沙调控指标体系、方法和模型;研发江河湖库多尺度、多目标与多过程泥沙联合调控技术和河道综合治理技术,并予以示范。项目研究将推动河流动力学学科发展,促进长江水沙资源利用与保护,为流域社会经济发展和河流生态保护提供基础保障,具有显著的社会经济与环境效益。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Basin covers an area of 1.8 脳 106 km2, with a population and a gross national product of more than 40 percent of the country's total. It is the strategic water source for the allocation of water resources and the main base for hydropower development in China. The golden waterway connecting east, west and the natural treasure house of rare aquatic life have important strategic position in China's economic and social development. In recent years, under the dual influence of natural conditions and human activities, the temporal and spatial distribution of sediment and the process of sediment production and transportation in the Yangtze River have undergone significant changes, which have brought significant effects to the development, utilization and protection of rivers. Meanwhile, the rapid development of economy and society along the Yangtze River and the construction of ecological civilization constantly require the sediment of the Yangtze River to be regulated. At the same time, the development of river engineering construction and sediment resource utilization also provides the basic conditions for sediment control in the Yangtze River. However, sediment is both disastrous and resource. There is contradiction and unity between sediment regulation and river function, so it needs further study. The key national R & D project, "study on sediment Regulation of the Yangtze River and the Evolution and treatment Technology of main Stream Channel", reveals the coupling effect between sediment transport distribution of the Yangtze River and river development and protection. The basic theory and key technology of river channel evolution and regulation are proposed to meet the needs of economic, social and ecological environment along the Yangtze River. The variation law and trend of sediment source and space-time distribution in Yangtze River, the response mechanism of river channel evolution to water and sediment transport change, and the water and sediment transport law of controlled water conservancy and hydropower project in the main stream of Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are studied emphatically. The process and driving mechanism of riverbed remodeling and its multi-effects such as flood control, navigation and shoreline utilization, the theory and method of multi-dimensional coupling and coordinated control of Yangtze River sediment, and the development of multi-scale, Multi-objective and multi-process sediment regulation and regulation technology and river treatment technology. Through the project research, it is expected to reveal the characteristics and trends of temporal and spatial variation of water and sediment coming from the Yangtze River under the influence of many factors, and the response mechanism of water and sediment transport and channel evolution. The combined use of controlled reservoirs in lower Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, the process of sediment transport and scouring in Poyang Lake reveals the process of remolding, relative equilibrium state and driving mechanism of Yangtze River channel, and clarifies the flood control of river system reengineering. Multiple effects such as shipping and beach utilization; The theoretical framework of sediment control in the Yangtze River is constructed, the index system, method and model of sediment regulation are established, and the technology of multi-scale, multi-objective and multi-process combined control of sediment and comprehensive control of river channel are developed and demonstrated. The project research will promote the development of the subject of river dynamics, promote the utilization and protection of water and sediment resources in the Yangtze River, and provide the basic guarantee for the social and economic development and river ecological protection of the river basin, and have remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits.
【作者单位】： 长江科学院水利部江湖治理与防洪重点实验室;四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0402300) 国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(51339001)
【分类号】：TV14
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Basin covers an area of 1.8 脳 106 km2, with a population and a gross national product of more than 40 percent of the country's total. It is the strategic water source for the allocation of water resources and the main base for hydropower development in China. The golden waterway connecting east, west and the natural treasure house of rare aquatic life have important strategic position in China's economic and social development. In recent years, under the dual influence of natural conditions and human activities, the temporal and spatial distribution of sediment and the process of sediment production and transportation in the Yangtze River have undergone significant changes, which have brought significant effects to the development, utilization and protection of rivers. Meanwhile, the rapid development of economy and society along the Yangtze River and the construction of ecological civilization constantly require the sediment of the Yangtze River to be regulated. At the same time, the development of river engineering construction and sediment resource utilization also provides the basic conditions for sediment control in the Yangtze River. However, sediment is both disastrous and resource. There is contradiction and unity between sediment regulation and river function, so it needs further study. The key national R & D project, "study on sediment Regulation of the Yangtze River and the Evolution and treatment Technology of main Stream Channel", reveals the coupling effect between sediment transport distribution of the Yangtze River and river development and protection. The basic theory and key technology of river channel evolution and regulation are proposed to meet the needs of economic, social and ecological environment along the Yangtze River. The variation law and trend of sediment source and space-time distribution in Yangtze River, the response mechanism of river channel evolution to water and sediment transport change, and the water and sediment transport law of controlled water conservancy and hydropower project in the main stream of Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are studied emphatically. The process and driving mechanism of riverbed remodeling and its multi-effects such as flood control, navigation and shoreline utilization, the theory and method of multi-dimensional coupling and coordinated control of Yangtze River sediment, and the development of multi-scale, Multi-objective and multi-process sediment regulation and regulation technology and river treatment technology. Through the project research, it is expected to reveal the characteristics and trends of temporal and spatial variation of water and sediment coming from the Yangtze River under the influence of many factors, and the response mechanism of water and sediment transport and channel evolution. The combined use of controlled reservoirs in lower Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, the process of sediment transport and scouring in Poyang Lake reveals the process of remolding, relative equilibrium state and driving mechanism of Yangtze River channel, and clarifies the flood control of river system reengineering. Multiple effects such as shipping and beach utilization; The theoretical framework of sediment control in the Yangtze River is constructed, the index system, method and model of sediment regulation are established, and the technology of multi-scale, multi-objective and multi-process combined control of sediment and comprehensive control of river channel are developed and demonstrated. The project research will promote the development of the subject of river dynamics, promote the utilization and protection of water and sediment resources in the Yangtze River, and provide the basic guarantee for the social and economic development and river ecological protection of the river basin, and have remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits.
【作者单位】： 长江科学院水利部江湖治理与防洪重点实验室;四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0402300) 国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(51339001)
【分类号】：TV14
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