巴丹吉林沙漠苏木吉林湖区水分平衡研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 14:52

【摘要】：巴丹吉林沙漠位于阿拉善高原，关于湖水的来源及其水循环模式等问题是国内外学者关注和研究的热点，至今没有达成定论。本文选取位于沙漠东南腹地被沙山环抱的苏木吉林湖区为研究对象，以地表分水岭为界，通过仪器的架设、实际勘察和资料分析，利用水量均衡法与数值模拟法对典型小流域进行研究。通过在苏木吉林南湖岸边建立的气象站，测得2012年9月到2013年8月的蒸发量约为1261mm。利用Diver数据得到这期间南湖水位波动变幅为0.217m，南湖岸边的地下水观测孔水位波动变幅为0.179m。利用水量均衡法，，采用阿拉善右旗多年平均降雨、蒸发量月分配比例，计算得到湖水的水位动态与水位波动变幅。结果表明，单靠分水岭内的降水不能支撑湖水与地下水的蒸发，深层地下水的补给是维持湖泊的重要原因。把苏木吉林湖区概化为具有三层含水层结构的水文地质模型，利用MDFLOW对苏木吉林湖区进行了稳定流的4种情景模拟。得到湖水蒸发强度的较合理范围为1400～1600mm/a，深层地下水的水头较合理范围为1184.8～1185.3m。分析了相应情景模型中，均衡项值的变化，说明湖水主要来源于潜水含水层侧向补给，而潜水含水层的主要水量来源为第三层地下水的越流补给，即湖水主要来自于第三层含水层即深层地下水的越流补给。在稳定流模型基础上，进行了非稳定流周期模拟，设定4种周期情景模型。表明蒸发强度对湖水的年水位波动变幅影响最大；给水度、蒸发强度对地下水的年水位波动变幅影响较大。水量均衡法与数值模拟法得到的不同蒸发强度下的年水位波动变幅基本相等，但是关于最低、最高水位出现的时间，模拟法更接近实际。且模拟法可得到地下水的水位动态。
[Abstract]:The Badain Jilin Desert is located in the Alashan Plateau. The source of lake water and its water cycle model have been paid close attention to and studied by scholars at home and abroad, but no conclusion has been reached so far. In this paper, the Sumu Jilin Lake region located in the southeastern part of the desert surrounded by sand mountains is chosen as the research object, the surface watershed is taken as the boundary, the instrument is set up, the actual investigation and data analysis are carried out. The water balance method and numerical simulation method were used to study the typical small watersheds. The evaporation from September 2012 to August 2013 was estimated to be about 1 261 mm. through a weather station on the bank of South Lake in Jiangsu Province. According to Diver data, the fluctuation range of water level in Nanhu Lake is 0.217m, and the fluctuation range of groundwater observation hole is 0.179m. By using the method of water balance, adopting the annual average rainfall and the monthly distribution ratio of evaporation in Alashan right Banner, the water level dynamics and fluctuation amplitude of lake water are calculated. The results show that the precipitation in the watershed alone can not support the evaporation of lake water and groundwater, and the recharge of deep groundwater is an important reason for maintaining the lake. This paper generalizes the Jiangsu Jilin Lake region into a hydrogeological model with a three-layer aquifer structure, and uses MDFLOW to simulate four scenarios of the steady flow in the Jiangsu Jilin Lake region. The reasonable range of evaporation intensity of lake water is 1 400 ~ 1600mm / a and the reasonable range of water head of deep groundwater is 1184.8 ~ 1185.3m. The variation of equilibrium term in the corresponding scenario model is analyzed, which shows that the lake water mainly comes from the lateral recharge of the aquifer, and the main source of the water quantity of the aquifer is the overflowing recharge of the third layer of groundwater. That is, the lake water mainly comes from the third aquifer, the overflowing recharge of deep groundwater. Based on the steady flow model, the unsteady flow period simulation is carried out, and four kinds of periodic scenario models are set up. The results show that the evaporation intensity has the greatest influence on the fluctuation amplitude of the annual water level of the lake, and the water supply degree and evaporation intensity have a great influence on the fluctuation amplitude of the groundwater level. The fluctuation amplitude of annual water level under different evaporation intensity obtained by water equalization method and numerical simulation method is basically equal, but for the lowest and the highest water level, the simulation method is closer to the actual situation. The groundwater level dynamics can be obtained by simulation.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P333;P339

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