尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝模型试验研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 10:47

【摘要】：尾矿库作为矿山企业最大的环境保护工程项目,同时也是高势能潜在危险源。其运行状况不仅对矿山的生产至关重要,而且还关系到坝体下游居民的生命财产安全及周边环境。我国尾矿库溃坝事故现象普遍较高,大多是由洪水漫顶造成的。因此,本文以马家沟拟建尾矿库2#主坝为原型,以模型试验为切入点,研究该尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝洪水演化规律,对溃坝灾害的预防提供重要的参考价值,具有重要的经济和社会意义。完成的工作及取得的成果如下:(1)对国内外尾矿库溃坝致灾因素和溃坝影响范围研究进行了详细的总结分析,指出了目前尾矿库溃坝研究的些许不足并给出了一些建议。(2)详细掌握尾矿库的基本资料,通过现场勘查取样,按照相应试验规程进行土工试验,得到原型土样的粘聚力、内摩擦角、颗粒级配等基本物理力学指标,为溃坝试验提供了基础性资料。(3)为了使模型坝体与原型在溃坝机理上相似,开展了不同压实度对原型黏土强度的影响试验,并进一步探索了相比原型不同缩尺的室内流槽试验,确定了正式模型坝体的合理压实度。(4)依据现场地形和相似基本理论,设计并自行搭建了物理模型实验平台,并给出了试验的各种相似比尺及相似材料的选取依据。(5)根据实际资料,在模型试验平台上完成了坝体及库内模型砂的堆筑工作,并模拟了尾矿库由于暴雨造成的洪水漫顶溃坝试验。通过对溃坝过程的记录,详细分析了坝体破坏的主要4个阶段,并就溃坝水位过程线、流量过程线和最终淹没范围等重要资料进行分析总结,对溃坝洪水演进过程有了进一步了解,加深了对溃坝机理的认识。通过对实验结果的分析可知,虽然溃坝洪水未波及重点关注的徐家垄等地,但是旁边的水塘和稻田等都受到了一定程度的影响,造成了一定的经济损失,所以仍然需要高度重视;指出了尾矿库在设计和后续正常运行中需要注意的地方,为相关人员提供参考。
[Abstract]:As the largest environmental protection project in mining enterprises, tailings reservoir is also a potential source of high potential energy. The operation condition is not only very important to mine production, but also relates to the safety of life and property of the downstream residents of the dam and the surrounding environment. The phenomenon of tailing dam break in China is generally high, mostly caused by flood overtopping. Therefore, taking Majiagou tailings dam as prototype and model test as the cut-in point, this paper studies the flood evolution law of flood overtopping dam break in Majiagou, which provides an important reference value for the prevention of dam break disaster. Have important economic and social significance. The work accomplished and the results obtained are as follows: (1) the research on the factors causing dam failure and the scope of dam break of tailings reservoir at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed in detail. This paper points out some deficiencies in the research of tailing dam break at present and gives some suggestions. (2) mastering the basic data of tailing reservoir in detail, taking samples from site investigation and carrying out geotechnical tests according to the corresponding test rules, the cohesive force of the prototype soil sample is obtained. The basic physical and mechanical indexes, such as internal friction angle and particle gradation, provide basic data for dam break test. (3) in order to make the dam body and prototype similar in dam break mechanism, the influence of different compaction degrees on the strength of prototype clay is tested. Furthermore, the indoor flow tank test with different scale of prototype is explored, and the reasonable compaction degree of the formal model dam body is determined. (4) based on the field topography and the similar basic theory, the physical model experimental platform is designed and built by itself. At the same time, the selection basis of various similar scales and similar materials are given. (5) according to the actual data, the piling work of the dam body and the model sand in the reservoir is completed on the model test platform. The experiment of overtopping dam break caused by torrential rain in tailings reservoir is simulated. By recording the dam-break process, the main four stages of dam failure are analyzed in detail, and the important data of dam-break water level process line, discharge process line and final submergence range are analyzed and summarized. The process of dam-break flood is further understood and the mechanism of dam-break is further understood. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it can be seen that although the dam-break flood did not spread to the places such as Xujiayang and other places where the key concern was concerned, the nearby ponds and rice fields were affected to a certain extent, resulting in certain economic losses. Therefore, we still need to attach great importance to it; The attention should be paid to the design and subsequent normal operation of the tailings reservoir, which provides reference for the relevant personnel.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV122.4;TV131.61

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