融雪性洪水三维可视化系统研究与应用
发布时间：2018-12-27 08:50
【摘要】：目的:在全球气候变化的大背景下,新疆洪水灾害尤其是春季融雪性洪水的频次不断增大,洪水灾害发生的时间和演进过程始终是关注的焦点问题。随着我国水文信息化建设的深入以及数值模拟技术的发展,及时、可靠、直观的决策支持系统成为水资源调控、配置和管理的迫切需要,但新疆特殊的生态和地理条件给水文信息化建设带来了严峻的考验。如何利用遥感空间数据等手段为依托,以地理信息系统为平台,实现无资料区的融雪性洪水监测与模拟,对干旱区的水资源管理与调控具有重要的现实意义。方法:本文结合新疆山区流域春季融雪性洪水的特点,基于能量平衡、水量平衡和河道洪水演算方程,采用遥感技术、地理信息系统技术和计算机技术开发分布式融雪性洪水三维可视化系统,对2010年乌鲁木齐河流域春季融雪期融雪性洪水三维可视化进行了研究。结果:(1)集成和优化了融雪产流模型。基于能量平衡原理,考虑积雪消融的物理过程并利用多种遥感数据反演模型中的部分参数,结合气象常规观测数据获取瞬时的能量平衡信息,有效改进了融雪模型的算法。(2)集成和优化了流域汇流模型。首先以多源地理信息数据(气象数据、水文数据、基础地理数据、遥感数据)为基础,重点考虑融雪物理过程并引入了截留损失模块、蒸散损失模块和汇流模块,实现了流域整体性汇流分析。(3)实现了洪水演进三维可视化。基于不规则三角网模型进行三维地形建模,利用Arc GIS Engine进行环境搭建、高程因子转换、纹理粘贴和色彩渲染,采用Scene Control接口和Animation类库,实现了三维洪水演进模拟。(4)融雪性洪水三维可视化系统的开发与应用。系统采用C#语言编译系统界面,运用IDL语言编译核心算法,基于Arc GIS、ENVI的二次开发并以乌鲁木齐河流域为典型研究区,实现了融雪性洪水三维可视化模拟。结论:从二维融雪模拟上看,融雪径流深大值出现在北部,融雪径流深小值出现在南部,这主要与地形因素有关,南部靠近天格尔Ⅱ峰,为高山区,气温低并有常年积雪,不易融化,北部地势相对平缓,温度较高,积雪易大范围融化;从三维洪水演进模拟上看,根据Landsat 7同期遥感影像对比验证,河道内淹没范围与实际情况比较吻合,洪水演进模拟比较准确;从模拟精度上看,模拟径流线的变化趋势与实测径流线比较一致,本次模拟的Nash-Stucliffe系数E为0.72,峰值相对误差R为4.36%,可见本系统在乌鲁木齐河流域的融雪性洪水模拟比较准确,可以实现对流域水文过程的整体性分析,可以为融雪性洪水预警、防灾减灾与流域水资源配置提供依据。
[Abstract]:Objective: under the background of global climate change, the frequency of flood disaster, especially snowmelt flood in spring in Xinjiang is increasing, and the time and evolution of flood disaster is always the focus of attention. With the deepening of hydrological information construction and the development of numerical simulation technology, timely, reliable and intuitive decision support system has become the urgent need of water resources regulation, allocation and management. However, the special ecological and geographical conditions of Xinjiang bring severe test to the construction of hydrological informatization. How to realize snowmelt flood monitoring and simulation based on remote sensing spatial data and geographic information system (GIS) is of great practical significance to water resources management and control in arid areas. Methods: based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation, remote sensing technology was used to combine the characteristics of snowmelt flood in spring in mountain basin of Xinjiang, based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation. The distributed snowmelt flood 3D visualization system was developed by GIS technology and computer technology, and the 3D visualization of snowmelt flood in 2010 was studied in Urumqi River Basin. Results: (1) the model of snowmelt flow was integrated and optimized. Based on the principle of energy balance, considering the physical process of snow melting and using several remote sensing data to retrieve some parameters of the model, the instantaneous energy balance information is obtained by combining with the conventional meteorological observation data. The algorithm of snowmelt model is improved effectively. (2) the watershed confluence model is integrated and optimized. Firstly, based on multi-source geographic information data (meteorological data, hydrological data, basic geographic data, remote sensing data), the physical process of snowmelt is considered and the interception loss module, evapotranspiration loss module and confluence module are introduced. The whole flow confluence analysis is realized. (3) 3D visualization of flood routing is realized. 3D terrain modeling based on irregular triangulation model, environment construction with Arc GIS Engine, elevation factor conversion, texture paste and color rendering, Scene Control interface and Animation class library are used. The 3D flood routing simulation is realized. (4) the development and application of snowmelt flood 3D visualization system. The system uses C # language to compile the system interface, uses the IDL language to compile the core algorithm, based on the second development of Arc GIS,ENVI and takes Urumqi River basin as the typical research area, realizes the snow melting flood 3D visualization simulation. Conclusion: from the view of two-dimensional snowmelt simulation, the maximum value of snowmelt runoff depth appears in the north, and the snowmelt runoff depth minimum value appears in the south, which is mainly related to the topographic factors. The south is near Tiangel 鈪，
本文编号：2392807
[Abstract]:Objective: under the background of global climate change, the frequency of flood disaster, especially snowmelt flood in spring in Xinjiang is increasing, and the time and evolution of flood disaster is always the focus of attention. With the deepening of hydrological information construction and the development of numerical simulation technology, timely, reliable and intuitive decision support system has become the urgent need of water resources regulation, allocation and management. However, the special ecological and geographical conditions of Xinjiang bring severe test to the construction of hydrological informatization. How to realize snowmelt flood monitoring and simulation based on remote sensing spatial data and geographic information system (GIS) is of great practical significance to water resources management and control in arid areas. Methods: based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation, remote sensing technology was used to combine the characteristics of snowmelt flood in spring in mountain basin of Xinjiang, based on energy balance, water balance and river flood calculation equation. The distributed snowmelt flood 3D visualization system was developed by GIS technology and computer technology, and the 3D visualization of snowmelt flood in 2010 was studied in Urumqi River Basin. Results: (1) the model of snowmelt flow was integrated and optimized. Based on the principle of energy balance, considering the physical process of snow melting and using several remote sensing data to retrieve some parameters of the model, the instantaneous energy balance information is obtained by combining with the conventional meteorological observation data. The algorithm of snowmelt model is improved effectively. (2) the watershed confluence model is integrated and optimized. Firstly, based on multi-source geographic information data (meteorological data, hydrological data, basic geographic data, remote sensing data), the physical process of snowmelt is considered and the interception loss module, evapotranspiration loss module and confluence module are introduced. The whole flow confluence analysis is realized. (3) 3D visualization of flood routing is realized. 3D terrain modeling based on irregular triangulation model, environment construction with Arc GIS Engine, elevation factor conversion, texture paste and color rendering, Scene Control interface and Animation class library are used. The 3D flood routing simulation is realized. (4) the development and application of snowmelt flood 3D visualization system. The system uses C # language to compile the system interface, uses the IDL language to compile the core algorithm, based on the second development of Arc GIS,ENVI and takes Urumqi River basin as the typical research area, realizes the snow melting flood 3D visualization simulation. Conclusion: from the view of two-dimensional snowmelt simulation, the maximum value of snowmelt runoff depth appears in the north, and the snowmelt runoff depth minimum value appears in the south, which is mainly related to the topographic factors. The south is near Tiangel 鈪，
本文编号：2392807
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