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两坝间喜滩长直窄深型急滩治理方法研究

发布时间:2019-01-05 00:38
【摘要】:进入新世纪以来,随着沿江经济的快速发展,长江沿线已发展成为我国重要的产业密集带,,沿江大型企业生产所需80%的铁矿石、40%的原油、83%的电煤是依靠长江水运来保障的,航运效益十分显著。随着国民经济的快速发展,党中央、国务院以及地方政府已高度重视长江黄金水道的建设,2007年12月14日,温家宝总理还专门作出了“长江航道建设要加强”的重要批示。长江干线两坝间河段是长江上游中洪水期航行条件最困难的区段之一,该河段穿行于高山峡谷之中,蜿蜒曲折、谷壁陡峭、河槽窄深,其中喜滩为两坝间船舶航行最为困难的航段之一,是典型的长直窄深型急滩。因此,为了改善喜滩段的碍航特性,提高其通航能力,对喜滩碍航水流特性、成滩原因及航道治理方法的研究已显的至关重要。 本论文采用二维水流数值模拟的方法,对喜滩这一长直窄深型急滩的水流特性、成滩原因以及治理方法进行了初步研究,主要工作内容和研究成果如下: (1)建立了两坝间喜滩段的二维水流数学模型,应用喜滩段的实测水文资料对建立的二维水流数学模型进行了细致认真的模型验证,经反复计算率定出了能较好模拟该河段流场的糙率、网格密度等参数。 (2)运用建立的二维水流数学模型对喜滩段进行了8级流量的计算,详细分析了滩段的通航水流条件,指出滩性为以急流碍航为主的洪水急滩,而河谷狭窄、河宽沿程渐缩突扩、流量与过水面积增率极不适应等是其成滩碍航的主要原因。 (3)通过传统的扩大泄水断面法等多种开挖方案的研究表明,仅通过开挖来扩大泄水面积的方法对长直窄深型急滩的治理效果并不明显,要达到治理目标极其困难。 (4)基于水工隧洞及抽水分流的提示,提出了在喜滩上游进行分流的治理方式,即通过减少该河段过流量来降低航线流速,达到治理目的。研究结果表明,隧洞分流和抽水分流的方法可以解决喜滩的碍航特性,但是经过经济分析其造价巨大,且基本无施工条件,不具备工程实施的可行性。 (5)根据水深浅流速小的水力特性提出了一种创新性的治理方法—潜顺坝法,通过对坝宽、坝长和坝高等控制因素多种组合的调试计算表明,运用潜顺坝法可以大幅改善喜滩段的上滩水流条件,具有较好的治理效果,为长直窄深型急滩的治理提供了一个新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since entering the new century, with the rapid development of the economy along the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River has developed into an important industrial belt in our country. Large enterprises along the Yangtze River need 80% of iron ore and 40% of crude oil to produce. 83% of thermal coal depends on the Yangtze River water transportation to protect the shipping efficiency is very significant. With the rapid development of the national economy, the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the local governments have attached great importance to the construction of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. On December 14, 2007, Premier Wen Jiabao also made an important instruction that "the construction of the Yangtze River Channel should be strengthened". The section between the two dams of the Yangtze River is one of the most difficult sections in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle flood period. The section runs through the high mountains and canyons, winding and winding, the valley wall is steep, and the channel is narrow and deep. Among them, Xitan is one of the most difficult navigation sections between the two dams, and it is a typical long, straight, narrow and deep beach. Therefore, in order to improve the navigation characteristics and navigable capacity of the section, it is of great importance to study the characteristics of the current, the cause of the formation of the beach and the method of channel management. In this paper, the characteristics of water flow, the causes of beach formation and the treatment methods of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids are studied by using the two-dimensional flow numerical simulation method. The main contents and research results are as follows: (1) the two-dimensional flow mathematical model between the two dams is established, and the two-dimensional flow mathematical model is verified carefully by using the measured hydrological data of the Xitan section. The parameters, such as roughness and grid density, which can be used to simulate the flow field of the river reach, are determined by repeated calculation rate. (2) by using the established two-dimensional flow mathematical model, the 8 grade discharge of the Xitan section is calculated, and the navigable flow conditions of the section are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the beach is characterized by the flood rapids which are dominated by the jet current and the river valley is narrow. The main reasons for the obstruction of navigation are the sudden expansion of river width along the course and the inadaptability between the flow rate and the increase rate of the overwater area. (3) through the research of many excavation schemes such as the traditional method of expanding the drainage section, it is shown that the treatment effect of the method of enlarging the drainage area by excavation is not obvious, and it is extremely difficult to achieve the control goal. (4) based on the indication of hydraulic tunnel and diversion of pumping water, this paper puts forward the treatment mode of diversion in the upper reaches of Xitan, that is, reducing the flow rate of the river course to reduce the current velocity of the route and achieve the purpose of control. The results show that the diversion method of tunnel and pumping water can solve the obstacle to navigation of Xitan, but after economic analysis, its cost is huge, and there is no construction condition, so it is not feasible to carry out the project. (5) according to the hydraulic characteristics of low water depth and shallow velocity, an innovative control method, the submersible dam method, is put forward. Through the debugging and calculation of various control factors, such as dam width, dam length and dam height, it is shown that, The application of the method can greatly improve the water flow condition of the upper beach in the Xitan section, and has a better control effect, which provides a new idea for the treatment of the long, straight, narrow and deep rapids.
【学位授予单位】:重庆交通大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TV85

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