尾矿库瞬态溃坝下泄砂流演进过程研究
发布时间：2019-01-19 17:47
【摘要】：尾矿库是矿业生产的重要基础设施,也是一种具有高势能的危险源。尾矿库一旦发生溃坝,高势能的尾砂流将倾泻而下,给下游居民带来严重的灾难。因此,对尾矿库溃坝下泄砂流演进进行系统的研究,预测其可能造成的破坏影响,对防灾减灾工作和保护人民生命财产安全具有重要的意义。本文以马家沟尾矿库工程为研究背景,采用室内相似模型试验和数值模拟相结合的分析方法,对尾矿库溃坝砂流向下游地区演进的过程进行了详细的研究,并通过降低明渠渠底高程和扩大渠宽等措施,以期能减轻溃坝砂流对下游地区的影响程度。本文主要的研究成果如下:(1)详细全面的介绍了马家沟尾矿库库区基本情况,并通过室内土工试验得出了尾砂的基本物理力学性质参数,为研究溃坝砂流的演进过程提供基础资料。(2)根据马家沟尾矿库的设计资料和电子地形图,建立了室内精细三维相似模型。利用该模型并运用相似理论原理,开展了溃坝试验。通过记录和监测尾矿库溃坝砂流在下游地区的运动过程,详细的分析了溃口与明渠处的流量、溃坝砂流的演进速度和到达下游地区沿程的时间、水流的水位高程、最大淹没范围和尾砂淤积,得到溃坝砂流的演进规律。(3)基于水流N-S方程和RNGk-?紊流模型建立了三维水流溃坝模型,通过推移质和悬移质控制方程计算了尾砂运动,运用Tru-VOF技术追踪水流液面的动态变化,模拟计算了马家沟尾矿库溃坝。将数值模拟结果与模型试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:除溃坝水流演进时间不满足模型相似条件外,两者所得结果的差异能够满足工程要求,验证了Flow3D软件能够很好模拟计算尾矿库溃坝等实际工程问题。(4)通过改变明渠渠底高程与渠宽,探讨其对下游地区受灾程度的影响。结果表明:扩大明渠宽度能够大幅增大明渠的排水量、降低下游水流的水位、减小尾砂向下游地区输运距离;而降低明渠渠底高程对溃坝砂流向下游地区演进的影响不大,减灾防灾的效果不佳。研究成果可为马家沟尾矿库的灾害预防和评估提供数据支持,也可为其他类似工程提供参考。
[Abstract]:Tailings reservoir is an important infrastructure for mining production and a high potential energy source. Once the tailings dam break occurs, the tailings with high potential energy will pour down, which will bring serious disaster to the downstream residents. Therefore, it is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation work and the safety of people's life and property to study systematically the evolution of sand discharge flow in tailing dam break, and to predict the possible damage effects caused by it. Taking Majiagou tailings reservoir engineering as the research background, this paper makes a detailed study on the evolution process of tailings dam break sand to the downstream area by using the analytical method of laboratory similar model test and numerical simulation. By reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel and enlarging the width of the channel, the influence of dam-break sand flow on the downstream area can be alleviated. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic conditions of Majiagou tailings reservoir area are introduced in detail, and the basic physical and mechanical properties of tailings are obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests. It provides basic data for studying the evolution process of dam-break sand flow. (2) based on the design data and electronic topographic map of Majiagou tailings reservoir, an indoor fine three-dimensional similarity model is established. Using this model and the principle of similarity theory, dam break test is carried out. By recording and monitoring the movement of dam-break sand flow in the downstream area of tailing reservoir, the flow rate at the break and open channel, the evolution speed of the dam-break sand flow, the time to reach the downstream area, the water level elevation of the flow are analyzed in detail. (3) based on the N-S equation of flow and RNGk-?, the evolution of dam-break sand flow is obtained. A three-dimensional flow dam-break model was established by turbulent model. The movement of tailings was calculated by bed load and suspended load control equations. The dynamic change of water level was tracked by Tru-VOF technique, and the dam break of Majiagou tailings reservoir was simulated and calculated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the model test results. The results show that the difference between the numerical simulation results and the model test results can meet the engineering requirements except that the dam break flow evolution time does not satisfy the similar conditions of the model. It is verified that Flow3D software can well simulate and calculate the dam failure of tailing reservoir. (4) by changing the height and width of the bottom of the open channel, the influence of the software on the disaster degree in the downstream area is discussed. The results show that enlarging the width of open channel can greatly increase the displacement of open channel, reduce the water level of downstream flow, and reduce the distance between tailings and downstream area. However, reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel has little effect on the evolution of dam-break sand to the downstream area, and the effect of disaster reduction and prevention is not good. The research results can provide data support for disaster prevention and assessment of Majiagou tailings reservoir, as well as reference for other similar projects.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV649;TV135
本文编号：2411598
[Abstract]:Tailings reservoir is an important infrastructure for mining production and a high potential energy source. Once the tailings dam break occurs, the tailings with high potential energy will pour down, which will bring serious disaster to the downstream residents. Therefore, it is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation work and the safety of people's life and property to study systematically the evolution of sand discharge flow in tailing dam break, and to predict the possible damage effects caused by it. Taking Majiagou tailings reservoir engineering as the research background, this paper makes a detailed study on the evolution process of tailings dam break sand to the downstream area by using the analytical method of laboratory similar model test and numerical simulation. By reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel and enlarging the width of the channel, the influence of dam-break sand flow on the downstream area can be alleviated. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic conditions of Majiagou tailings reservoir area are introduced in detail, and the basic physical and mechanical properties of tailings are obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests. It provides basic data for studying the evolution process of dam-break sand flow. (2) based on the design data and electronic topographic map of Majiagou tailings reservoir, an indoor fine three-dimensional similarity model is established. Using this model and the principle of similarity theory, dam break test is carried out. By recording and monitoring the movement of dam-break sand flow in the downstream area of tailing reservoir, the flow rate at the break and open channel, the evolution speed of the dam-break sand flow, the time to reach the downstream area, the water level elevation of the flow are analyzed in detail. (3) based on the N-S equation of flow and RNGk-?, the evolution of dam-break sand flow is obtained. A three-dimensional flow dam-break model was established by turbulent model. The movement of tailings was calculated by bed load and suspended load control equations. The dynamic change of water level was tracked by Tru-VOF technique, and the dam break of Majiagou tailings reservoir was simulated and calculated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the model test results. The results show that the difference between the numerical simulation results and the model test results can meet the engineering requirements except that the dam break flow evolution time does not satisfy the similar conditions of the model. It is verified that Flow3D software can well simulate and calculate the dam failure of tailing reservoir. (4) by changing the height and width of the bottom of the open channel, the influence of the software on the disaster degree in the downstream area is discussed. The results show that enlarging the width of open channel can greatly increase the displacement of open channel, reduce the water level of downstream flow, and reduce the distance between tailings and downstream area. However, reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel has little effect on the evolution of dam-break sand to the downstream area, and the effect of disaster reduction and prevention is not good. The research results can provide data support for disaster prevention and assessment of Majiagou tailings reservoir, as well as reference for other similar projects.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV649;TV135
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