舟山群岛浑浊海域水沙数值模拟与清海方案数值研究
发布时间：2019-02-14 09:48
【摘要】：河口海岸地区蕴藏着丰富的自然资源,并且也是人类经济发展的集中地带。岛群作为我国漫长海岸线的重要组成部分,为生产生活提供了天然航道与港湾,也带来了富饶的渔业与旅游景观资源。其岛群岸线地形复杂蜿蜒,衍生水道中水深坡降剧烈,流态变化多端,流场与含沙量场较之开敞海区都表现出不一样的特性。故综合考虑风、浪、潮流等因素的耦合,建立数值模型来实现对多岛屿海区群岛特性的研究尤为必要。随着经济的快速增长,人类对景观品质的要求也日益提升。当悬沙浓度达到一定限值时,水体将会变得浑浊,严重影响自然景观。因水生生物、化合物含量、水深、光照与人为等因素都会对该限值产生一定影响,故未形成较为完整的定值体系。受杭州湾强潮河口的影响,大量泥沙起动并输移至舟山海区,导致群岛海区内水体拥有着较高的浊度,对自然景观产生了一定的影响。但由于滨海景观水体动力因素较为复杂,其选址常直接布于水体清澈的海区,很少涉及到浑浊海区的改造利用。所以从以上两点出发,本文建立了纯潮流作用下的泥沙模型并依据实测数据进行了验证,然后基于流场和泥沙分布场验证结果,综合分析了舟山海区的流场特征和泥沙的分布特性及其输移特性,对岛群对于潮流泥沙输移的影响进行了初步归纳。而后建立了波流共同作用下的泥沙模型,对常风浪场对于群岛海区潮流泥沙场的影响进行了探究。通过对研究海区水文特性的分析,本文选定了 6种清海方案,分别建立了对应的泥沙模型,并以清海面积与海岸线长度为标准对其效益进行了评价。通过以上模型的建立,得出了系列结论:受到岛群复杂地形的影响,舟山海区内潮波流向较为多变。总体来看,群岛海区内潮流在涨落潮时基本沿水道行进,大多水道内潮波有明显的往复流特征,但局部海区存在“回流”现象。海区内悬沙浓度由西至东呈逐渐减小的趋势,水道中部含沙量略大于其近岸侧与流影区含沙量,悬沙分布特征与潮流特性显著相关。常风浪场对群岛海区内流场影响很小,其影响值基本位于10-2量级;对于海区内平均含沙量的影响也不大,基本在10%以内。从清海效益来看,方案1总体上最优。其无风条件下近岸最大悬沙浓度小于0.1kg/m~3的海岸线长度都达到了 8.49km左右,对应清海面积为7.53km2。但从平均含沙量的角度来看,方案3对于沿岸水体的净化作用也较为显著。
[Abstract]:Estuarine and coastal areas are rich in natural resources, and are also the concentration of human economic development. As an important part of the long coastline of our country, the island group provides natural waterway and harbor for production and life, and also brings rich fishery and tourist landscape resources. The topography of the shoreline of the island group is complicated and winding, the water depth and slope in the derived waterway are steep, the flow pattern is changeable, and the flow field and the sediment content field are different from those in the open sea area. Therefore, considering the coupling of wind, wave, tidal current and other factors, it is necessary to establish a numerical model to study the characteristics of the islands in the multi-island sea area. With the rapid economic growth, the human landscape quality requirements are also increasing. When suspended sediment concentration reaches a certain limit, the water body will become turbid and will seriously affect the natural landscape. Because aquatic organisms, compound content, water depth, light and human factors all have certain influence on the limit value, a relatively complete fixed value system has not been formed. Under the influence of the strong tide estuary of Hangzhou Bay, a large amount of sediment started and transported to Zhoushan sea area, which led to the higher turbidity of the water body in the archipelagic sea area, which had a certain influence on the natural landscape. However, because of the complex dynamic factors of coastal landscape water body, its location is often directly distributed in the clear sea area of the water body, and rarely involves the transformation and utilization of the muddy sea area. Therefore, from the above two points, the sediment model under the pure tidal current is established and verified according to the measured data, and then based on the verification results of the flow field and sediment distribution field. The characteristics of current field, sediment distribution and transport in Zhoushan sea area are comprehensively analyzed, and the influence of island group on tidal current and sediment transport is preliminarily summarized. Then the sediment model under the action of wave and current is established, and the influence of constant wind wave field on tidal current and sediment field in archipelagic sea area is explored. Based on the analysis of the hydrological characteristics of the studied sea area, six kinds of sea clearing schemes are selected, corresponding sediment models are established, and the benefit is evaluated according to the criteria of clear sea area and coastline length. Through the establishment of the above model, a series of conclusions are drawn: influenced by the complex topography of the island group, the tidal wave flow direction in the Zhoushan Sea area is relatively changeable. As a whole, the tidal current in the archipelagic sea area basically travels along the watercourse during the rising and falling tide, and the tidal waves in most waterways have obvious reciprocating characteristics, but there is a "backflow" phenomenon in the local sea area. The suspended sediment concentration in the sea area decreases gradually from west to east, and the sediment concentration in the middle of the channel is a little larger than that in the nearshore side and the current shadow area, and the distribution characteristics of suspended sediment are significantly related to the tidal current characteristics. The influence of the constant wind wave field on the current field in the archipelagic sea area is very small, and the influence value is basically in the order of 10 -2, and the influence on the average sediment content in the sea area is also small, which is within 10%. From the point of view of Ching Hai benefit, scheme 1 is optimal on the whole. The length of coastline with maximum suspended sediment concentration less than 0.1kg/m~3 is about 8.49km under the condition of no wind, corresponding to 7.53km2 clear sea area. However, from the point of view of average sediment content, the purification effect of scheme 3 on coastal water was also significant.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV148
本文编号：2422094
[Abstract]:Estuarine and coastal areas are rich in natural resources, and are also the concentration of human economic development. As an important part of the long coastline of our country, the island group provides natural waterway and harbor for production and life, and also brings rich fishery and tourist landscape resources. The topography of the shoreline of the island group is complicated and winding, the water depth and slope in the derived waterway are steep, the flow pattern is changeable, and the flow field and the sediment content field are different from those in the open sea area. Therefore, considering the coupling of wind, wave, tidal current and other factors, it is necessary to establish a numerical model to study the characteristics of the islands in the multi-island sea area. With the rapid economic growth, the human landscape quality requirements are also increasing. When suspended sediment concentration reaches a certain limit, the water body will become turbid and will seriously affect the natural landscape. Because aquatic organisms, compound content, water depth, light and human factors all have certain influence on the limit value, a relatively complete fixed value system has not been formed. Under the influence of the strong tide estuary of Hangzhou Bay, a large amount of sediment started and transported to Zhoushan sea area, which led to the higher turbidity of the water body in the archipelagic sea area, which had a certain influence on the natural landscape. However, because of the complex dynamic factors of coastal landscape water body, its location is often directly distributed in the clear sea area of the water body, and rarely involves the transformation and utilization of the muddy sea area. Therefore, from the above two points, the sediment model under the pure tidal current is established and verified according to the measured data, and then based on the verification results of the flow field and sediment distribution field. The characteristics of current field, sediment distribution and transport in Zhoushan sea area are comprehensively analyzed, and the influence of island group on tidal current and sediment transport is preliminarily summarized. Then the sediment model under the action of wave and current is established, and the influence of constant wind wave field on tidal current and sediment field in archipelagic sea area is explored. Based on the analysis of the hydrological characteristics of the studied sea area, six kinds of sea clearing schemes are selected, corresponding sediment models are established, and the benefit is evaluated according to the criteria of clear sea area and coastline length. Through the establishment of the above model, a series of conclusions are drawn: influenced by the complex topography of the island group, the tidal wave flow direction in the Zhoushan Sea area is relatively changeable. As a whole, the tidal current in the archipelagic sea area basically travels along the watercourse during the rising and falling tide, and the tidal waves in most waterways have obvious reciprocating characteristics, but there is a "backflow" phenomenon in the local sea area. The suspended sediment concentration in the sea area decreases gradually from west to east, and the sediment concentration in the middle of the channel is a little larger than that in the nearshore side and the current shadow area, and the distribution characteristics of suspended sediment are significantly related to the tidal current characteristics. The influence of the constant wind wave field on the current field in the archipelagic sea area is very small, and the influence value is basically in the order of 10 -2, and the influence on the average sediment content in the sea area is also small, which is within 10%. From the point of view of Ching Hai benefit, scheme 1 is optimal on the whole. The length of coastline with maximum suspended sediment concentration less than 0.1kg/m~3 is about 8.49km under the condition of no wind, corresponding to 7.53km2 clear sea area. However, from the point of view of average sediment content, the purification effect of scheme 3 on coastal water was also significant.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV148
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