三峡工程对两湖的生态影响
发布时间：2019-03-13 15:20
【摘要】：长江干流的渔业捕捞量从1954年的43万t下降到2011年的8万t,降幅达81%,而两湖(洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)的渔业捕捞量分别在2~4万t之间波动。三峡大坝对洞庭湖三口径流量的影响有限,但使江水倒灌鄱阳湖的天数和水量进一步降低。长江来水占洞庭湖径流量的30%,而在鄱阳湖中仅有0.1%,因此,对维持长江干流的渔业资源(特别是产漂流性卵鱼类)来说,洞庭湖的重要性远超鄱阳湖。干流渔业资源的衰退主要是江湖阻隔的结果,虽然过度捕捞起到了推波助澜的作用,因此,即使在干流休渔十年,也未必能使长江的渔业资源大幅回升。如果在两湖建闸,长江渔业资源的衰退将会进一步加剧,江豚的灭绝可能难以避免,因此,维持两湖与长江的生态联系,对长江干流生物多样性的维持至关重要。
[Abstract]:The amount of fishing in the main stream of the Yangtze River decreased from 430,000 tons in 1954 to 80,000 tons in 2011, by 81%, while the fishing capacity of the two lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) fluctuated between 2 and 40,000 tons, respectively. The three gorges dam has limited effect on the three-neck runoff of the dongting lake, but the number of days and the amount of water in the poyang lake is further reduced. The water of the Yangtze River accounts for 30% of the runoff of the Dongting Lake, and only 0.1% in Poyang Lake, so the importance of the Dongting Lake is far beyond the Poyang Lake to maintain the fishery resources of the main stream of the Yangtze River, in particular to the floating egg fish. The decline of the fishery resources in the main stream is mainly the result of the obstruction in the Jianghu. Although the overfishing plays an important role, it is not necessary to make the fishery resources of the Yangtze River back up even in the main stream for 10 years. If the decline of the fishery resources of the Yangtze River will be further increased in the two lakes, the extinction of the porpoise may be difficult to avoid. Therefore, the ecological relation between the two lakes and the Yangtze River is maintained, and the maintenance of the biological diversity of the main stream of the Yangtze River is of great importance.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院水生生物研究所东湖湖泊生态系统试验站;
【基金】：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW026);中国科学院B类先导科技专项培育项目(XDPB0204)~~
【分类号】：S931;TV632
[Abstract]:The amount of fishing in the main stream of the Yangtze River decreased from 430,000 tons in 1954 to 80,000 tons in 2011, by 81%, while the fishing capacity of the two lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) fluctuated between 2 and 40,000 tons, respectively. The three gorges dam has limited effect on the three-neck runoff of the dongting lake, but the number of days and the amount of water in the poyang lake is further reduced. The water of the Yangtze River accounts for 30% of the runoff of the Dongting Lake, and only 0.1% in Poyang Lake, so the importance of the Dongting Lake is far beyond the Poyang Lake to maintain the fishery resources of the main stream of the Yangtze River, in particular to the floating egg fish. The decline of the fishery resources in the main stream is mainly the result of the obstruction in the Jianghu. Although the overfishing plays an important role, it is not necessary to make the fishery resources of the Yangtze River back up even in the main stream for 10 years. If the decline of the fishery resources of the Yangtze River will be further increased in the two lakes, the extinction of the porpoise may be difficult to avoid. Therefore, the ecological relation between the two lakes and the Yangtze River is maintained, and the maintenance of the biological diversity of the main stream of the Yangtze River is of great importance.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院水生生物研究所东湖湖泊生态系统试验站;
【基金】：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW026);中国科学院B类先导科技专项培育项目(XDPB0204)~~
【分类号】：S931;TV632
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前10条
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