台兰河电站枢纽泄洪排沙建筑物布置方案试验研究
发布时间：2019-04-15 11:54
【摘要】：多沙河流上的低水头闸坝式引水枢纽，引水与防沙矛盾突出，泄洪排沙建筑物布置及工程运行调度是否合理直接影响枢纽引水与防沙功能的正常使用。因此对闸坝式渠首枢纽主要建筑物布置方案进行优化并提出合理的防排沙运行措施具有重要的工程应用意义。 本文以台兰河一级水电站引水枢纽泄洪排沙建筑物为研究对象，通过水工泥沙整体模型试验发现原设计方案存在的水工水力学问题及工程泥沙问题。针对问题提出经济合理的修改方案并通过水工模型优化比选试验进行验证，，得出最优方案。针对该多沙河流坝区泥沙问题进行坝区泥沙模型试验，提出经济有效的泥沙处理方案，配合所需的枢纽运行工况达到工程取水要求。研究表明： （1）原设计泄洪冲沙闸泄流能力过大（比设计值大19%），而引水能力不足（正常引水位引水47.9m3/s，设计值56m3/s）；上游左边两闸孔进口和闸室内流态紊乱，泄洪冲沙闸各相邻孔口水流在闸墩尾部交汇击起水翅，并在护坦和海漫段形成折冲水流流态，不利于闸坝安全。修改后泄洪冲沙闸由6孔改5孔，校核洪水位全开时泄量1424.1m3/s已接近设计泄量1433.2m3/s；引水闸尺寸修改后流量为56.18m3/s，达到了设计引水流量56m3/s；加高上游导流墙高度至1655.7m并在闸室后加设低尾墩，消除了各试验泄洪工况泄洪冲沙闸和排沙闸进口漩涡等不利流态，也基本消除了水翅现象，护坦段和海漫段水流流态也得以改善； （2）原设计排沙闸和排漂闸下游的消力池未起到消能作用；闸坝下游消能防冲措施不足导致海漫末端附近河床及右岸坡的冲刷较为严重。修改后通过在闸坝下游海漫末端加设钢筋块石笼对海漫末防冲墙基础及下游河床起到了有效的保护作用。 （3）原枢纽无有效的防排沙措施，排沙漏斗纵向长度不足，引水口前不能实现“门前清”。修改后通过加设推荐方案束水导沙墙，可拓展引水闸前排沙漏斗纵向长度，实现引水闸“门前清”。并且通过设计三道引水防沙措施，可保证枢纽达到长期防沙目标。 （4）应用Flow3D数值模拟软件可以验证泄洪闸的泄流能力，且精度较高，为增强物理模型方案可靠性，减小类似工程物理模型工作量提供了有力支持。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between water diversion and sediment control is prominent in the low-head sluice dam-type diversion hub on sandy rivers. Whether the layout of flood discharge and sediment discharge buildings and the operation of the project is reasonable or not will directly affect the normal use of the diversion and sediment control functions of the junction. Therefore, it is of great significance for engineering application to optimize the layout scheme of the main buildings of the sluice dam-type canal head hub and to put forward reasonable operation measures for preventing and discharging sediment. Based on the flood discharge and sediment discharge structure of Tailanhe first-class hydropower station, the hydraulic problems and engineering sediment problems existing in the original design scheme are found through the integral model test of hydraulic sediment. In view of the problem, an economical and reasonable modification scheme is put forward and verified by the hydraulic model optimization and selection test, and the optimal scheme is obtained. In view of the sediment problem in the dam area of the sediment-laden river, the sediment model test in the dam area is carried out, and an economical and effective sediment treatment scheme is put forward, which meets the requirement of water intake in the project according to the required operation conditions of the junction. The results show that: (1) the discharge capacity of the original designed sluice is too large (19% higher than the designed value), but the water diversion capacity is insufficient (47.9 m3 / s of normal water level, design value 56m3/s); The flow patterns in the inlet and chamber of the two gates on the left of the upstream are disordered. The water flow of the adjacent orifice of the flood-discharge sand sluice strikes the water fin at the end of the pier, and forms the flow pattern of the broken water in the dam and the flood section of the sea, which is not conducive to the safety of the sluice dam. After modification, the flood discharge sluice is changed from 6 holes to 5 holes, and the discharge 1424.1m3/s is close to the designed discharge when the flood level is fully opened, and the discharge of the sluice is 56.18m3 / s, which reaches 56m3 / s of the designed diversion discharge after the modification of the size of the sluice, and that the discharge of the sluice is close to the designed discharge of 1433.2m3 / s when the flood water level is fully opened. By raising the height of the upstream diversion wall to 1655.7m and installing the low tail pier behind the gate chamber, the unfavorable flow patterns such as the flood discharge sluice and the vortex at the inlet of the sluice gate are eliminated, and the phenomenon of the water wing is basically eliminated. The flow pattern of the Hutan section and the flood section has also been improved; (2) the energy dissipation pools downstream of the original designed sluice and drift gate did not play a role in energy dissipation, and the lack of energy dissipation and anti-scour measures at the downstream of the sluice dam resulted in serious erosion of the river bed and the right bank slope near the end of the sea. After modification, it is effective to protect the foundation of flood wall and the downstream riverbed by adding steel bars and stone cages at the end of the flood downstream of the sluice dam to protect the foundation of the anti-scour wall and the lower reaches of the river bed. (3) there is no effective sediment control measures in the original hub, and the longitudinal length of the sediment discharge funnel is insufficient, so it is impossible to "clear the front door" before the diversion entrance. After modification, the longitudinal length of the sediment drain funnel in front of the sluice can be extended by adding the sand guide wall with the recommended scheme, and the gate clearance can be realized. And through the design of three water diversion measures to prevent sediment, the project can achieve the long-term goal of sand control. (4) the discharge capacity of sluice can be verified by Flow3D numerical simulation software, which provides strong support for enhancing the reliability of physical model scheme and reducing the workload of similar engineering physical model.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV652
本文编号：2458123
[Abstract]:The contradiction between water diversion and sediment control is prominent in the low-head sluice dam-type diversion hub on sandy rivers. Whether the layout of flood discharge and sediment discharge buildings and the operation of the project is reasonable or not will directly affect the normal use of the diversion and sediment control functions of the junction. Therefore, it is of great significance for engineering application to optimize the layout scheme of the main buildings of the sluice dam-type canal head hub and to put forward reasonable operation measures for preventing and discharging sediment. Based on the flood discharge and sediment discharge structure of Tailanhe first-class hydropower station, the hydraulic problems and engineering sediment problems existing in the original design scheme are found through the integral model test of hydraulic sediment. In view of the problem, an economical and reasonable modification scheme is put forward and verified by the hydraulic model optimization and selection test, and the optimal scheme is obtained. In view of the sediment problem in the dam area of the sediment-laden river, the sediment model test in the dam area is carried out, and an economical and effective sediment treatment scheme is put forward, which meets the requirement of water intake in the project according to the required operation conditions of the junction. The results show that: (1) the discharge capacity of the original designed sluice is too large (19% higher than the designed value), but the water diversion capacity is insufficient (47.9 m3 / s of normal water level, design value 56m3/s); The flow patterns in the inlet and chamber of the two gates on the left of the upstream are disordered. The water flow of the adjacent orifice of the flood-discharge sand sluice strikes the water fin at the end of the pier, and forms the flow pattern of the broken water in the dam and the flood section of the sea, which is not conducive to the safety of the sluice dam. After modification, the flood discharge sluice is changed from 6 holes to 5 holes, and the discharge 1424.1m3/s is close to the designed discharge when the flood level is fully opened, and the discharge of the sluice is 56.18m3 / s, which reaches 56m3 / s of the designed diversion discharge after the modification of the size of the sluice, and that the discharge of the sluice is close to the designed discharge of 1433.2m3 / s when the flood water level is fully opened. By raising the height of the upstream diversion wall to 1655.7m and installing the low tail pier behind the gate chamber, the unfavorable flow patterns such as the flood discharge sluice and the vortex at the inlet of the sluice gate are eliminated, and the phenomenon of the water wing is basically eliminated. The flow pattern of the Hutan section and the flood section has also been improved; (2) the energy dissipation pools downstream of the original designed sluice and drift gate did not play a role in energy dissipation, and the lack of energy dissipation and anti-scour measures at the downstream of the sluice dam resulted in serious erosion of the river bed and the right bank slope near the end of the sea. After modification, it is effective to protect the foundation of flood wall and the downstream riverbed by adding steel bars and stone cages at the end of the flood downstream of the sluice dam to protect the foundation of the anti-scour wall and the lower reaches of the river bed. (3) there is no effective sediment control measures in the original hub, and the longitudinal length of the sediment discharge funnel is insufficient, so it is impossible to "clear the front door" before the diversion entrance. After modification, the longitudinal length of the sediment drain funnel in front of the sluice can be extended by adding the sand guide wall with the recommended scheme, and the gate clearance can be realized. And through the design of three water diversion measures to prevent sediment, the project can achieve the long-term goal of sand control. (4) the discharge capacity of sluice can be verified by Flow3D numerical simulation software, which provides strong support for enhancing the reliability of physical model scheme and reducing the workload of similar engineering physical model.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV652
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