潮流发电试验场水动力特性数学模型研究

发布时间：2019-04-23 07:39

【摘要】：能源危机和环境污染是当今世界面临的两大主要问题,而潮流能作为绿色清洁的可再生能源,具有储量丰富、可预测性和环境生态友好等巨大优势,开发前景十分可观。许多海洋资源丰富的国家先后制定了相应的政策和战略目标,以大力推动潮流能发电技术的研究,并成功建设了一定规模的潮流能发电试验场。为了解发电装置放置后对流场的影响情况,合理布置试验场发电机组泊位,本文以舟山普陀山岛-葫芦岛潮流能示范工程为研究场址,运用数学模型模拟发电装置对试验区局部近场、大范围远场水动力的影响情况。本文首先从数模角度简要介绍了国内外研究学者对潮流能试验场水动力问题的研究方法和结论,以此为基础,提出一种基于能量方程的发电装置概化方法,即采用流场上下游之间的沿程阻力损失量化装置对水流的影响,并将该影响转化为相应的底床阻力,推导潮流发电装置的等效糙率系数。然后建立三维潮流能装置的局部流场模型,利用CFD软件模拟分析装置在七种转速-流速组合下,局部流场的流速分布异同点;并根据发电装置的概化方法,计算各组合下装置的等效糙率和综合糙率,通过回归分析得到来流流速与综合糙率之间的函数关系。最后将该函数关系代入舟山普陀山岛-葫芦岛二维潮流数学模型,通过修改装置所在网格的糙率值来模拟装置产生的影响。在二维模型的计算中,分别研究了某个涨落潮历时下全体装置放置时、大潮过程下单一装置放置时和全潮过程下全体装置放置时,整个试验场水动力的响应程度和范围。结果表明,装置对流场的影响区域大小与潮流流速及装置泊位点附近的地形有关,离装置越远,装置对流场的影响越小。从整体上来说,装置对远场流速的影响程度较小,流速的变化量最小在2%左右,最大不超过装置放置前流速的8%。
[Abstract]:Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major problems facing the world today. As a green and clean renewable energy, tidal current has great advantages such as abundant reserves, predictability and environmental and ecological friendliness, so the prospect of development is very considerable. Many countries rich in marine resources have formulated corresponding policies and strategic objectives in order to vigorously promote the research of tidal current energy generation technology and successfully build a certain scale of tidal energy generation test ground. In order to understand the influence of the installation on the flow field and arrange the berth of the generator set in the test site reasonably, this paper takes the Putuo Shan-Huludao tidal current energy demonstration project in Zhoushan as the research site. The mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of the generator on the local near-field and large-range far-field hydrodynamic forces in the test area. In this paper, the research methods and conclusions of hydrodynamics in tidal current energy test site are briefly introduced from the point of view of numerical simulation, and a generalizing method of generating equipment based on energy equation is put forward. That is to say, the influence of the device for quantifying the resistance loss along the flow field between the upper and lower reaches of the flow field is adopted, and the effect is transformed into the corresponding bottom bed resistance, and the equivalent roughness coefficient of the power flow generator is derived. Then the local flow field model of the three-dimensional tidal current energy device is established and the velocity distribution of the local flow field is simulated and analyzed with CFD software under the combination of seven rotational speeds and velocities. According to the generalizing method of the generator, the equivalent roughness and the comprehensive roughness of each unit are calculated, and the functional relationship between the flow velocity and the comprehensive roughness is obtained by regression analysis. Finally, this function is introduced into the two-dimensional tidal current mathematical model of Putuo Mountain Island-Huludao Island in Zhoushan, and the influence of the device is simulated by modifying the roughness value of the grid in which the device is located. In the calculation of the two-dimensional model, the response degree and range of hydrodynamic force in the whole test site are studied when the whole device is placed in a fluctuating tide calendar, when a single device is placed in the spring tide process, and the whole device is placed in the whole tidal process. The results show that the influence area of the device on the flow field is related to the tidal current velocity and the topography near the device berth. The farther away from the device, the less the influence of the device on the flow field is. On the whole, the influence of the device on the far-field velocity is small, the change of the velocity is at least about 2%, and the maximum is not more than 8% of the velocity before the device is placed.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM612

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