适用于抽水蓄能机组的SCR静止变频器控制策略研究
发布时间：2019-05-11 17:54
【摘要】：抽水蓄能电站因其具有调频调相、调峰填谷、事故备用等作用，已逐渐成为现代电网的一种灵活调控方式。抽水蓄能电站可工作在发电及电动两种状态：在发电工况时，水轮机带动发电机运转发电，将势能转换成电能；在电动工况时，电动机带动水泵，将下游处的水抽取到上游以势能的方式贮存电能。抽水蓄能机组的运行状态复杂，在电动工况运行时由于机组容量及惯量大等原因，控制机组同步起动成为了一个控制难点。本文对利用无传感器位置检测控制技术的SCR(晶闸管)静止变频器进行研究，深入分析了SCR静止变频器的控制策略，并利用仿真及实验平台对采用SCR静止变频器起动同步电动机进行了验证。 首先，对SCR静止变频器的原理进行了研究，分析了SCR静止变频器各拓扑结构的优缺点，详细叙述了SCR静止变频器反电势自然换相和断续换相的工作原理，同时分析了两种换相方式的切换方法以及SCR静止变频器运行各阶段的控制策略并讨论了SCR静止变频调速系统的调速特性。 其次，在同步电动机七阶数学模型的基础上，进行了简化处理，建立了同步电动机五阶数学模型，并利用Matlab/simulink对所建模型进行了仿真；利用所建电机模型，对SCR静止变频器采用无位置检测方式对机组进行起动各阶段进行了数学建模及仿真，对机组各起动阶段的运行状况进行了仿真验证。 最后，由于机组在低速阶段采用的是断续换相方式，导致机端含有大量谐波，影响转子位置的计算精度，为此本文对低通磁链观测器进行了研究。在详细分析了传统磁链观测器工作原理的基础之上，对其进行了改进，提出了一种基于低通磁链观测器的机组低速运行阶段转子位置计算方法，并通过仿真及实验对该方法进行了有效验证。 为模拟抽水蓄能机组的电动工况，本文以10kW同步电机为控制对象搭建了实验平台。对抽水蓄能机组各起动阶段均进行了验证，，实验结果表明初始阶段位置检测较准确，相位差小于5°，通电0.5~5Hz阶段能够满足在实际工况中机组的起动要求，断续换相及反电势自然换可实现平稳切换。
[Abstract]:Pumped storage power station has gradually become a flexible control mode of modern power grid because of its function of frequency modulation and phase modulation, peak regulation and valley filling, accident standby and so on. Pumped storage power station can work in both power generation and electric state: in the power generation condition, the turbine drives the generator to run to generate electricity, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy; In the electric condition, the motor drives the pump and draws the downstream water to the upstream to store the electric energy in the way of potential energy. The operation state of pumped storage unit is complex. Due to the large capacity and inertia of the unit under electric condition, synchronous starting of the control unit has become a control difficulty. In this paper, the SCR (thyristor) static frequency converter based on sensorless position detection and control technology is studied, and the control strategy of SCR static frequency converter is deeply analyzed. The synchronous motor started by SCR static frequency converter is verified by simulation and experimental platform. Firstly, the principle of SCR static inverter is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology of SCR static inverter are analyzed, and the working principle of back EMF natural commutation and intermittent commutation of SCR static inverter is described in detail. At the same time, the switching methods of two commutation modes and the control strategy of every stage of SCR static frequency converter are analyzed, and the speed regulation characteristics of SCR static frequency conversion speed regulation system are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the seventh-order mathematical model of synchronous motor, the fifth-order mathematical model of synchronous motor is established, and the model is simulated by Matlab/simulink. By using the established motor model, the mathematical modeling and simulation of the starting stage of the unit are carried out by using the non-position detecting mode of the SCR static frequency converter, and the running condition of each starting stage of the unit is simulated and verified. Finally, because the unit adopts intermittent commutation in the low-speed phase, which results in a large number of harmonics at the machine end, which affects the accuracy of rotor position calculation. Therefore, the low-flux observer is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the working principle of the traditional flux observer, a low-flux observer-based rotor position calculation method for the low-speed operation stage of the unit is proposed. The method is verified by simulation and experiment. In order to simulate the electric working condition of pumped storage unit, the experimental platform of 10kW synchronous motor is set up in this paper. The experimental results show that the position detection in the initial stage is accurate, the phase difference is less than 5 掳, and the electrified 0.5~5Hz stage can meet the starting requirements of the unit in the actual working condition. Intermittent phase switching and back EMF natural switching can achieve smooth switching.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV743;TV736
本文编号：2474715
[Abstract]:Pumped storage power station has gradually become a flexible control mode of modern power grid because of its function of frequency modulation and phase modulation, peak regulation and valley filling, accident standby and so on. Pumped storage power station can work in both power generation and electric state: in the power generation condition, the turbine drives the generator to run to generate electricity, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy; In the electric condition, the motor drives the pump and draws the downstream water to the upstream to store the electric energy in the way of potential energy. The operation state of pumped storage unit is complex. Due to the large capacity and inertia of the unit under electric condition, synchronous starting of the control unit has become a control difficulty. In this paper, the SCR (thyristor) static frequency converter based on sensorless position detection and control technology is studied, and the control strategy of SCR static frequency converter is deeply analyzed. The synchronous motor started by SCR static frequency converter is verified by simulation and experimental platform. Firstly, the principle of SCR static inverter is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology of SCR static inverter are analyzed, and the working principle of back EMF natural commutation and intermittent commutation of SCR static inverter is described in detail. At the same time, the switching methods of two commutation modes and the control strategy of every stage of SCR static frequency converter are analyzed, and the speed regulation characteristics of SCR static frequency conversion speed regulation system are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the seventh-order mathematical model of synchronous motor, the fifth-order mathematical model of synchronous motor is established, and the model is simulated by Matlab/simulink. By using the established motor model, the mathematical modeling and simulation of the starting stage of the unit are carried out by using the non-position detecting mode of the SCR static frequency converter, and the running condition of each starting stage of the unit is simulated and verified. Finally, because the unit adopts intermittent commutation in the low-speed phase, which results in a large number of harmonics at the machine end, which affects the accuracy of rotor position calculation. Therefore, the low-flux observer is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the working principle of the traditional flux observer, a low-flux observer-based rotor position calculation method for the low-speed operation stage of the unit is proposed. The method is verified by simulation and experiment. In order to simulate the electric working condition of pumped storage unit, the experimental platform of 10kW synchronous motor is set up in this paper. The experimental results show that the position detection in the initial stage is accurate, the phase difference is less than 5 掳, and the electrified 0.5~5Hz stage can meet the starting requirements of the unit in the actual working condition. Intermittent phase switching and back EMF natural switching can achieve smooth switching.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV743;TV736
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