河北省农村饮水现状评价与保障机制研究
发布时间：2019-05-30 05:12
【摘要】：河北省农村地区的饮水安全问题历来严重。依据河北省农村饮水不安全因素，结合国家决心改善农村饮水状况的政策方针，河北省农村安全饮水工程应运而生。目前，国内尚缺乏系统的农村饮水现状评价方法和农村饮水安全保障机制，论文以调查数据为基础探讨了农村饮水现状评价方法和农村饮水安全保障机制。 从水源、供水方式、供水水质、污水处理回用和水价制定等五方面，详细描述了河北省各地区农村饮水现状，并从中提取有效数据创造性地选定了水质现状指数、水量现状指数、方便程度现状指数和保证率现状指数作为河北省农村饮水现状评价参数。首先确定各评价参数所属分项参数的对应权重，运用多因子综合指数法计算得出各评价参数的数值，然后对各评价参数间的相对重要关系做出判断，运用模糊层次分析法计算得出各评价参数的对应权重，最后再次运用多因子综合指数法计算得出河北省各地区农村饮水现状综合指数，对河北省各地区农村饮水现状做出数字化表述。 以河北省各地区农村自来水普及率表征其基础设施完善水平，分析各地区人均GDP与各地区农村自来水普及率的关联性，发现各地区人均GDP与各地区农村自来水普及率呈显著正相关关系，且各地区农村水质、水量现状的优劣与其自来水普及率成负相关关系。综合考虑各地区人均GDP与各地区农村自来水普及率间相对超前、滞后关系，确定河北省各地区农村资金扶持和政策倾斜的优先等级。 对河北省农村饮水现状影响因素进行敏感性分析，确定各项影响因素对于饮水现状的敏感程度并将其划分为三类，分别为：自然类、人为类、自然-人为类。根据敏感性分析结果可以发现，自然-人为类因素对于饮水现状的敏感程度最高，，自然类因素次之，人为类因素再次，从哲学和生态学层面证明人类活动应主动遵循自然规律。进一步进行工程属性划分，将河北省农村安全饮水工程中各分项工程属性划分为三种，分别为：基础性、延展性、伴随性。依据敏感性分析结果和工程属性划分，确定河北省农村安全饮水工程中各分项工程实施的优先等级。 从解决农村饮水安全问题的水质、水量、方便程度、保证率以及长效运行机制五方面入手，介绍了针对各种饮水安全问题的解决方案，系统论述了河北省农村饮水安全保障机制，为河北省农村安全饮水工程的实施提供了理论基础和技术支持。
[Abstract]:The problem of drinking water safety in rural areas of Hebei Province has always been serious. According to the unsafe factors of rural drinking water in Hebei Province and the policy and policy of the state determined to improve the situation of rural drinking water, the rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province emerges as the times require. At present, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation method of rural drinking water situation and rural drinking water safety guarantee mechanism in China. Based on the survey data, this paper discusses the evaluation method of rural drinking water situation and the mechanism of rural drinking water safety guarantee. This paper describes in detail the present situation of rural drinking water in Hebei Province from five aspects: water source, water supply mode, water supply quality, sewage treatment and reuse and water price setting, and creatively selects the present water quality index from which the effective data are extracted. The present situation index of water quantity, the present index of convenience and the index of guarantee rate are used as the evaluation parameters of rural drinking water in Hebei Province. Firstly, the corresponding weight of the sub-parameters to which each evaluation parameter belongs is determined, and the value of each evaluation parameter is calculated by using the multi-factor comprehensive index method, and then the relative important relationship among the evaluation parameters is judged. The corresponding weights of each evaluation parameter are calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive index of rural drinking water in Hebei Province is calculated by using the multi-factor comprehensive index method again. This paper makes a digital expression of the present situation of rural drinking water in Hebei Province. The improvement level of infrastructure was represented by the penetration rate of rural tap water in Hebei Province, and the correlation between the per capita GDP of each region and the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region was analyzed. It is found that the per capita GDP of each region is positively correlated with the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region, and the present situation of rural water quality and water quantity in each region is negatively correlated with the penetration rate of tap water. Considering the relative advance and lag relationship between the per capita GDP of each region and the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region, the priority levels of rural financial support and policy tilt in Hebei Province are determined. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Hebei Province, the sensitivity of each influencing factor to the present situation of drinking water was determined and divided into three categories: natural category, man-made category and natural-man-made category. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, it can be found that the natural and man-made factors are the most sensitive to the present situation of drinking water, followed by the natural factors, and the human factors are again, which proves that human activities should actively follow the laws of nature from the philosophical and ecological aspects. Further classification of engineering attributes is carried out, and each sub-project attribute of rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province is divided into three categories: basic, extensibility and companionship. According to the results of sensitivity analysis and the division of engineering attributes, the priority level of each sub-project in rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province is determined. Starting from five aspects of water quality, quantity, convenience, guarantee rate and long-term operation mechanism to solve the problem of drinking water safety in rural areas, this paper introduces the solutions to all kinds of drinking water safety problems. This paper systematically discusses the mechanism of rural drinking water safety guarantee in Hebei Province, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the implementation of rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4
本文编号：2488555
[Abstract]:The problem of drinking water safety in rural areas of Hebei Province has always been serious. According to the unsafe factors of rural drinking water in Hebei Province and the policy and policy of the state determined to improve the situation of rural drinking water, the rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province emerges as the times require. At present, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation method of rural drinking water situation and rural drinking water safety guarantee mechanism in China. Based on the survey data, this paper discusses the evaluation method of rural drinking water situation and the mechanism of rural drinking water safety guarantee. This paper describes in detail the present situation of rural drinking water in Hebei Province from five aspects: water source, water supply mode, water supply quality, sewage treatment and reuse and water price setting, and creatively selects the present water quality index from which the effective data are extracted. The present situation index of water quantity, the present index of convenience and the index of guarantee rate are used as the evaluation parameters of rural drinking water in Hebei Province. Firstly, the corresponding weight of the sub-parameters to which each evaluation parameter belongs is determined, and the value of each evaluation parameter is calculated by using the multi-factor comprehensive index method, and then the relative important relationship among the evaluation parameters is judged. The corresponding weights of each evaluation parameter are calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive index of rural drinking water in Hebei Province is calculated by using the multi-factor comprehensive index method again. This paper makes a digital expression of the present situation of rural drinking water in Hebei Province. The improvement level of infrastructure was represented by the penetration rate of rural tap water in Hebei Province, and the correlation between the per capita GDP of each region and the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region was analyzed. It is found that the per capita GDP of each region is positively correlated with the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region, and the present situation of rural water quality and water quantity in each region is negatively correlated with the penetration rate of tap water. Considering the relative advance and lag relationship between the per capita GDP of each region and the penetration rate of rural tap water in each region, the priority levels of rural financial support and policy tilt in Hebei Province are determined. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Hebei Province, the sensitivity of each influencing factor to the present situation of drinking water was determined and divided into three categories: natural category, man-made category and natural-man-made category. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, it can be found that the natural and man-made factors are the most sensitive to the present situation of drinking water, followed by the natural factors, and the human factors are again, which proves that human activities should actively follow the laws of nature from the philosophical and ecological aspects. Further classification of engineering attributes is carried out, and each sub-project attribute of rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province is divided into three categories: basic, extensibility and companionship. According to the results of sensitivity analysis and the division of engineering attributes, the priority level of each sub-project in rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province is determined. Starting from five aspects of water quality, quantity, convenience, guarantee rate and long-term operation mechanism to solve the problem of drinking water safety in rural areas, this paper introduces the solutions to all kinds of drinking water safety problems. This paper systematically discusses the mechanism of rural drinking water safety guarantee in Hebei Province, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the implementation of rural safe drinking water project in Hebei Province.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.4
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