梯级水库群控制梯级极端工况泄洪安全分析

发布时间：2019-06-10 14:05

【摘要】：河流梯级开发中,极端条件下流域安全主要取决于干流控制梯级的安全。已有研究将控制梯级特级坝分为特1级和特2级,究竟哪种等级的大坝应设置非常泄洪设施或临时措施,在较高水位时启动来降低控制梯级的泄洪风险,此项研究尚属空白。本文基于DB-IWHR模型理论框架,研制开发了水库群连溃数值模拟平台,并针对控制梯级特级坝的空间分布类型,考虑梯级水库群风险源可能出现的超标准洪水+地震引发某一泄水闸门失效的极端运用工况,从控制梯级的泄洪安全和设置非常泄洪设施的必要性角度,研究了流域梯级安全问题。结果表明:对于"上下相当"的布局,梯级水库群特1级坝须增设非常溢洪设施以应对超标准洪水、或某一闸门无法开启及其组合运用工况。对于"上小下大"的布局,由于风险触发梯级溃决预警时间常以小时计,特1级坝通过设置非常泄洪设施增大泄洪裕度可进一步降低库水位,从而使得特1级坝腾出更大的库容应对上游溃坝洪水,明显提高特1级坝的安全裕度。本文提出的理论计算方法和增大泄流能力途径可供梯级水库群设计运行参考。
[Abstract]:In the development of river cascade, the safety of river basin under extreme conditions mainly depends on the safety of main stream control cascade. It has been studied that the control cascade special dam should be divided into extra 1 and T 2 classes. It is still blank to set up extraordinary flood discharge facilities or temporary measures to start at higher water level to reduce the flood discharge risk of the control cascade. In this paper, based on the theoretical framework of DB-IWHR model, a numerical simulation platform for reservoir group collapse is developed, and the spatial distribution types of cascade dams are controlled. Considering the extreme operating conditions of the failure of a discharge gate caused by super standard flood earthquake caused by the risk source of cascade reservoir group, from the point of view of controlling the safety of cascade flood discharge and the necessity of setting up very flood discharge facilities, The problem of cascade safety in river basin is studied. The results show that for the "upper and lower equivalent" layout, the special class 1 dam of cascade reservoir group must be provided with extraordinary flood discharge facilities to cope with the super standard flood, or a gate can not be opened and its combined operation conditions. For the layout of "small and small", because the early warning time of risk triggered cascade collapse is often measured in hours, the reservoir water level can be further reduced by setting up special flood discharge facilities to increase the flood discharge margin. Thus, the extra-1 dam frees up a larger reservoir capacity to cope with the upstream dam-break flood, and obviously improves the safety margin of the extra-1 dam. The theoretical calculation method and the way to increase the discharge capacity proposed in this paper can be used as a reference for the design and operation of cascade reservoirs.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室;水电水利规划设计总院;中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”项目(2013CB036405) 国家自然科学基金项目(51679262) 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0401706)
【分类号】：TV697

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