时序InSAR技术用于大坝形变监测与变形模式研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 17:51

【摘要】：大坝作为一种调节水利资源、发电产能、防洪抗旱的水利枢纽工程,对社会的经济发展和民生保障都具有积极的意义。我国从上个世纪开始,伴随着经济建设的大规模开展,全国各地也相应出现了规模不等的众多大坝建设工程。现如今,国内的大坝不仅数量众多,而且在大坝的质量上达到了世界领先,例如全世界规模最大的混凝土重力坝——三峡大坝,全世界最高的混凝土双曲拱坝——小湾大坝等。这些世界级的大坝工程的先后建成和投入使用代表着我国在筑坝领域取得的辉煌成就。由于大坝的运行直接关系到库区及下游居民的重大生命财产安全,因此对大坝进行形变监测,掌握大坝的运营状态是保障大坝安全的必要措施。当前,大坝的形变监测主要通过传统的地面监测手段,需要投入大量的人力物力。In SAR技术自上世纪出现以来,凭借着其全天时、全天候、大范围、精度高等优势被普遍应用于地表形变的监测。随着近些年的发展进步,PS-In SAR已经可以实现毫米级的形变监测,这使得利用In SAR进行大坝的形变监测成为可能。尤其是欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星升空后,其较高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率可以更加有效地对大坝进行形变监测。为此本文基于PS-In SAR技术对小湾大坝和三峡大坝两个具有代表性的大坝进行了形变监测与结果分析,具体内容如下:(1)整理归纳了大坝形变监测的历史、现状和发展趋势以及In SAR技术的研究现状,系统地阐述了In SAR技术的基本原理、常用的技术方法以及In SAR在形变监测中的主要误差来源,简要介绍了Sentinel-1A数据的基本特点;(2)基于时序In SAR技术利用Sentinel-1A升降轨数据对小湾大坝形变进行监测,通过升降轨SAR影像的几何关系将视向形变解算到南北方向(垂直于大坝的方向),提取了大坝上的部分特征点给出其形变时间序列,结合SAR强度图和DEM数据提取了库区上游水位的变化信息,最后结合大坝上游的水位变化分析了小湾大坝的形变规律;(3)基于时序In SAR技术采用Sentinel-1A升轨数据对三峡大坝进行了形变监测,提取出大坝的形变时间序列,结合官方公布的大坝上游水位变化数据,分析了大坝的形变和上游水位变化的关系,并进一步归纳分析了五种三峡大坝可能的形变模型。通过对小湾大坝和三峡大坝的形变监测实验,判断出了两座大坝的形变量级和形变趋势,并结合大坝上游蓄水量的信息得到大坝的形变和上游水位变化的关系。本研究在一定程度上验证了In SAR技术在大坝等大型工程设施形变监测的可行性,并将为大坝形变监测以及形变机理研究提供有价值的参考。
[Abstract]:As a kind of water conservancy project to regulate water conservancy resources, power generation capacity, flood control and drought resistance, dam is of positive significance to the economic development of society and the guarantee of people's livelihood. Since the beginning of the last century, with the large-scale development of economic construction, many dam construction projects of different scales have appeared in all parts of the country. Nowadays, there are not only a large number of dams in China, but also a world leader in the quality of dams, such as the three Gorges Dam, the largest concrete gravity dam in the world, and Xiaowan Dam, the highest concrete hyperbolic arch dam in the world. The completion and application of these world-class dam projects represent the brilliant achievements in the field of dam construction in our country. Because the operation of the dam is directly related to the safety of the life and property of the reservoir area and the downstream residents, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the dam and master the operation state of the dam to ensure the safety of the dam. At present, dam deformation monitoring is mainly through the traditional ground monitoring means, which needs to invest a lot of manpower and material resources. In SAR technology has been widely used in the monitoring of surface deformation because of its all-day, all-weather, large-scale, high precision and so on since it appeared in the last century. With the development and progress of recent years, PS-In SAR has been able to achieve millimeter level deformation monitoring, which makes it possible to use In SAR for dam deformation monitoring. Especially after the Sentinel-1A satellite is launched, its high spatial resolution and time resolution can be used to monitor the deformation of the dam more effectively. In this paper, based on PS-In SAR technology, the deformation monitoring and result analysis of Xiaowan Dam and three Gorges Dam are carried out. The concrete contents are as follows: (1) the history, present situation and development trend of dam deformation monitoring and the research status of In SAR technology are summarized, and the basic principle of In SAR technology, the commonly used technical methods and the main error sources of In SAR in deformation monitoring are systematically expounded. The basic characteristics of Sentinel-1A data are briefly introduced. (2) based on the time series In SAR technology, the deformation of Xiaowan Dam is monitored by using Sentinel-1A lifting rail data. The apparent deformation is calculated to the north and south direction (perpendicular to the direction of the dam) through the geometric relationship of the SAR image of the lifting rail. The deformation time series of some characteristic points on the dam is extracted, and the change information of the upstream water level in the reservoir area is extracted by combining SAR intensity diagram and DEM data. Finally, the deformation law of Xiaowan Dam is analyzed according to the change of water level in the upper reaches of the dam. (3) based on the time series In SAR technology, the deformation monitoring of the three Gorges Dam is carried out by using the Sentinel-1A lifting rail data, and the deformation time series of the three Gorges Dam is extracted. combined with the officially published data of the upstream water level of the dam, the relationship between the deformation of the dam and the change of the upstream water level is analyzed, and five possible deformation models of the three Gorges Dam are further summarized and analyzed. Through the deformation monitoring experiments of Xiaowan Dam and the three Gorges Dam, the deformation order and trend of the two dams are judged, and the relationship between the deformation of the dam and the variation of the upstream water level is obtained by combining the information of the upstream water storage of the dam. To some extent, this study verifies the feasibility of In SAR technology in deformation monitoring of large engineering facilities such as dams, and will provide valuable reference for dam deformation monitoring and deformation mechanism research.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV698.11

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