大坝建设对九龙江流量和沉积物输运的影响评估

发布时间：2019-06-25 12:11

【摘要】：由于全球气候变化和不断增加的人类活动已经影响到全球河流,最近人们对有关河流入海泥沙和水流量的问题越来越关注。反过来,通过河流的输送,海洋生态系统变的越来越脆弱。从这个角度来看,本研究以沿海河流—九龙江为研究区域为例,评估在河道上筑坝对水流量和泥沙量变化所带来的影响。利用建坝前后长期对水流量和悬浮沉积物的监测数据,结合6个月(从2013年11月至2014年4月)在九龙江代表站位——西陂库区,野外采样获取的短期悬浮沉积物的数据,应用简单线性回归可以发现二者的长期变化趋势。根据本研究的估计,从建坝前到建坝后,水流量减少了7.9%,泥沙量增加了24%。相比于建坝前水流量和泥沙量的平均值分别是83.9×108m3/a和6.42105Kg/a,建坝后二者平均值的分别是83.7×108m3/a和8.02×105Kg/a。相比于建坝后,建坝前的干季(比如十月份到第二年的四月份)数据显示有较高的泥沙量和较低的水流量。库区的悬浮沉积物的量随着水深的增加和坝前距离的减小而增加。水流量和泥沙量的长期变化趋势也可能部分受到其他因素的影响,比如九龙江流域的人口数量增加、水土保育措施的失败、农业用地、土壤类型、森林覆盖率的改变等。这些变化导致了各种各样的后果,比如水质的变化、营养盐浓度的增加、水体分层、入海泥沙量的变化、微量金属的分布以及潜在的富营养化,在本研究看来,导致这些后果的部分原因可归因于水流量和泥沙量的变化。我们可以针对河流提出适当的管理建议,类似的研究应该推广到底沙。对于九龙江综合一体的流域管理,我们应扩展由建坝引起的环保流的研究评估。
[Abstract]:As global climate change and increasing human activities have affected global rivers, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of sediment and water flow into the sea recently. In turn, through the transport of rivers, marine ecosystems become more and more vulnerable. From this point of view, taking the coastal river-Jiulong River as an example, this study evaluates the influence of dam construction on the change of water flow and sediment volume. Based on the long-term monitoring data of water flow and suspended sediments before and after dam construction, combined with the short-term suspended sediment data obtained by field sampling in Xipi Reservoir area, which is the representative station of Jiulong River from November 2013 to April 2014, the long-term variation trend of the two can be found by simple linear regression. According to the estimate of this study, from before and after dam construction, the water flow decreased by 7.9% and the amount of mud and sediment increased by 24%. Compared with the average values of 83.9 脳 108m3/a and 6.42105 kg / a before dam construction, the average values of water flow and sediment volume after dam construction are 83.7 脳 108m3/a and 8.02 脳 105 kg / a, respectively. Data from the dry season before the construction of the dam, such as April from October to the second year, show a higher amount of mud and sediment and a lower flow of water than after the dam was built. The amount of suspended sediment in the reservoir area increases with the increase of water depth and the decrease of the distance before the dam. The long-term changing trend of water flow and sediment volume may also be partly affected by other factors, such as the increase of population in Jiulong River Basin, the failure of soil and water conservation measures, the change of agricultural land, soil type, forest cover and so on. These changes lead to a variety of consequences, such as the change of water quality, the increase of nutrient concentration, the stratification of water body, the change of sediment content into the sea, the distribution of trace metals and potential eutrophication. In this study, some of the reasons for these consequences can be attributed to the change of water flow and sediment volume. We can put forward appropriate management suggestions for rivers, and similar research should be popularized to the end. For the integrated watershed management of Jiulong River, we should expand the research and evaluation of environmental protection flow caused by dam construction.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV12;TV14

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