基于无线传感器网络的农田信息自动获取技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 06:42

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：远程传输　出处：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是支撑国民经济建设与发展的基础产业,是社会发展的首要条件。研究建立我国精确农业技术体系,大力发展信息化与自动化农业技术,实现农业生产管理过程中对作物、土壤、环境的实时监测和控制,对于提高我国农业现代化水平,实现依靠科技进步解决粮食安全问题具有重大的意义。本课题依托南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心承担的国家高技术研究发展计划“农产品安全生产智慧管理技术的开发与应用”,目标在于研究农田信息快速获取技术,突破作物生长信息实时准确获取装置的局限,开发了集信息感知、信息处理和信息传输为一体的作物-大气-土壤信息无线采集节点,能够实时获取作物生长信息(氮含量、氮积累量、叶面积指数、生物量)、农田大气信息(温湿度、C02浓度)、农田土壤信息(土壤水分、土壤温度),同时研制了用于组网和管理远程接入的智能网关节点,构建自组网络系统,通过大规模部署于作物主要生产区域的不同苗情监测点,则可实现无人值守条件下对作物生长信息、大气信息、土壤信息进行长期、大范围、实时自动感知与监测,从而为作物生长诊断和全程管理提供实时信息和决策依据。这不仅可以提升我国农产品的安全生产与品质控制,而且还具有十分重要的社会经济价值。在如皋、张家港、徐州等多个基地的现场实施表明,系统可以长期稳定工作,远程获取农田的相关数据。考虑到农田信息变化缓慢,数据在时间和空间上具有一定的相似性,本文从数据收发的角度出发,利用汇聚节点进行数据流预测,判断各采集节点是否发送数据,控制发送数据量来实现传感器网络自适应传输。测试表明无线传感网采用本文的低功耗传输机制后,网关节点接收的数据量明显减少,各传感器节点电池电压随时间降低速率明显降低,当阈值ε和阈值η设定为0.5%时,电池电压从4V降至3.88V延长了接近一倍的时间,能有效的降低传感器节点的通信能耗,延长网络的生存周期。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basic industry supporting the construction and development of national economy and the primary condition of social development. This paper studies the establishment of precision agricultural technology system in China, vigorously develops information and automation agricultural technology, and realizes crop control in the process of agricultural production and management. The real-time monitoring and control of soil and environment will improve the level of agricultural modernization in China. It is of great significance to solve the problem of food security by relying on the progress of science and technology. This subject relies on the National High Technology Research and Development Program of National Information and Agricultural Engineering Technology Center of Nanjing Agricultural University, "safe production wisdom of agricultural products". The development and application of smart management technology ", the goal of which is to study the rapid access technology of farmland information." Breaking through the limitation of the real-time and accurate acquisition device of crop growth information, a wireless collection node of crop-atmosphere-soil information, which integrates information perception, information processing and information transmission, has been developed, which can obtain crop growth information (nitrogen content) in real time. Nitrogen accumulation, leaf area index, biomass, field atmospheric information (temperature and humidity, C02 concentration), farmland soil information (soil moisture, soil temperature), and intelligent gateway nodes for networking and remote access management have been developed. By constructing an ad hoc network system, through large-scale deployment in different seedling monitoring points in the main crop production areas, we can carry out long-term and large-scale monitoring of crop growth information, atmospheric information and soil information under unattended conditions. Real-time automatic sensing and monitoring can provide real-time information and decision basis for crop growth diagnosis and whole process management, which can not only improve the safety production and quality control of agricultural products in China. And it also has very important social and economic value. The field implementation in Rugao, Zhangjiagang, Xuzhou and other bases shows that the system can work steadily for a long time and obtain farmland data remotely. Considering the slow change of farmland information, The data is similar in time and space. In this paper, from the point of view of data receiving and sending, we use the convergent node to predict the data flow, and judge whether each collecting node sends the data or not. Control the amount of transmitted data to realize the adaptive transmission of sensor network. The test results show that the wireless sensor network adopts the low power transmission mechanism in this paper, and the data received by the gateway node is obviously reduced. When the threshold 蔚 and the threshold 畏 are set to 0.5, the battery voltage drops from 4 V to 3.88 V and the time is nearly doubled, which can effectively reduce the communication energy consumption of sensor nodes. Extend the lifetime of the network.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5;S126

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