共形球面阵多波束天线的研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 08:46

本文选题：共形球面阵 + 交叉极化　；参考：《桂林电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着目前民用及军事现代化信息技术的发展，“空天地一体化”信息网络技术是未来的发展方向，其中空间全方位通信起着越来越重要的作用。对于卫星通信、机载通信，“动中通”等移动通信系统，作为中继通信的空中平台，在国防、军事及民用中的作用日趋重要；尤其在一些自然灾害（地震、火灾、洪水等）和人为事件（恐怖袭击等）等突发事件发生，并对常规移动通信设施造成破坏时，建立空中平台应急系统是提高对突发事件、紧急情况的应变处置能力和维系通信的强有力手段。美国已建立“空天地一体化”的通信链路，利用空中平台对特定区域进行微波中继通信，实现了区域覆盖的广播通信，已应用于偏远山区的通信和广播、军队的区域作战、以及突发事件等领域。为了满足空中平台通信系统的需求，实现半空间全方位的电磁波辐射，在众多天线系统设计方案中，共形球面阵天线具有不可比拟的优势，同时也可用于其它地面通信系统，尤其是移动通信；另外，该天线技术亦可用于定位、雷达和导航中。综上所述，论文结合国家自然科学基金项目开展工作，研究用于空中平台的共形球面阵天线技术，文中详细论述了共形球面阵多波束天线的相关设计问题。论文的主要研究内容和工作成果如下： 1.在共形球面阵的单元天线设计中，采用了圆极化微带贴片天线作为基本单元，，同时采用了介质基板加载方案和缝隙耦合馈电方式，实现了高增益以及较宽的工作频带。实测结果表明，所设计的圆极化微带贴片天线在宽频带范围内，达到了高增益和优良轴比的特性。 2.在共形球面阵的布阵形式设计中，研究了球面阵的布阵形式，并重点阐述了子空间划分思想和可重构子阵技术，将所需覆盖的半空间划分成3大区共25个子空间，以及将球面阵划分出25个对应的子阵，通过子阵的多波束实现半空间覆盖。 3.研究了共形球面阵天线单元的非同向极化问题，理论分析了圆极化天线的交叉极化特性，并推导了采用圆极化天线作为单元的共形球面阵的远场方向图分极化表达式，进一步给出了一种有效降低圆极化共形球面阵天线的交叉极化比的方法，理论研究和仿真分析证明了该方法的有效性。 4.研究了共形球面阵天线的波束成形算法问题，设计了一种用于共形球面阵天线的三维方向图综合算法，该算法结合了现有主流智能优化算法的优势，如遗传算法，粒子群算法等。并添加了控制算子和自适应算子，进一步改进了综合算法，仿真对比结果表明，该算法具有全局搜索和收敛快的优点。 5.研究了在大功分比条件下，微带T型不等功分器的设计方法。讨论了常规T型不等功分器的设计局限性，在此基础上，提出了2种新型T型不等功分器的设计方法：一种是利用单枝节网络等效替换高阻抗线来实现大功分比，解决了高阻抗线的实际加工问题，具有明显的工程实用价值。另一种是采用短截线实现任意功分比，回避了高阻抗线的问题。最后利用该方法制作了一个T型不等功分器，实测结果和仿真数据吻合良好，证明了该设计方法的正确性和有效性。最后，在以上理论研究基础上，完成了共形球面阵天线的实物加工和测试，实测结果表明所设计的共形球面阵天线能够满足设计要求，达到预期目的，并且仿真方向图与实测方向图相符较好。进一步证实了理论研究的正确性。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern civil and military information technology, the "empty space integration" information network technology is the future development direction, and the spatial omnidirectional communication plays a more and more important role. For satellite communication, airborne communication, "moving medium" and other mobile communication systems, as the relay communication air platform, in the national defense and army In particular, in some natural disasters (earthquake, fire, flood, etc.) and human events (terrorist attacks) and other sudden events, and the destruction of conventional mobile communication facilities, the establishment of an emergency system for the air platform is to improve the emergency handling capacity and maintain communication. Powerful means. The United States has established the "empty space integration" communication link, using the air platform to carry on the microwave relay communication to the specific area, realizing the regional coverage broadcast communication. It has been applied to the remote mountainous area communication and broadcasting, the army's regional operations, and the emergencies and so on.
In order to meet the needs of the air platform communication system and realize the omnidirectional electromagnetic wave radiation in half space, the conformal spherical array antenna has unparalleled advantages in the design of many antenna systems, and can also be used in other ground communication systems, especially mobile communications, and the antenna technology can also be used for positioning, radar and navigation. Middle.
To sum up, the paper combines the National Natural Science Foundation project to study the conformal spherical array antenna for the air platform. In this paper, the related design problems of the conformal spherical array multi beam antenna are discussed in detail. The main research content and the work results are as follows:
1. the circular polarized microstrip patch antenna is used as the basic unit in the design of the conformal spherical array antenna array. At the same time, the dielectric substrate loading scheme and the slot coupling feed mode are adopted to achieve high gain and wide working frequency band. The measured results show that the designed circular polarized microstrip patch antenna is achieved in the wide band range. The characteristics of high gain and excellent axial ratio.
2. in the layout design of the conformal spherical array, the array form of the spherical array is studied, and the subspace division idea and the reconfigurable subarray technology are emphatically expounded. The required half space is divided into 25 subspaces in 3 large areas, and the spherical array is divided into 25 corresponding subarrays, and the semi space coverage is realized through the multi beam of the subarray.
3. the non identical polarization problem of the conformal spherical array antenna element is studied. The cross polarization characteristics of the circular polarized antenna are analyzed theoretically. The polarization expression of the far field pattern of the conformal spherical array with circular polarization antenna is derived, and the cross polarization ratio of the circular polarized spherical array antenna is further given. The method, theoretical research and simulation analysis prove the effectiveness of the method.
4. the beamforming algorithm of conformal spherical array antenna is studied. A comprehensive algorithm for 3D directional map for conformal spherical array antennas is designed. The algorithm combines the advantages of existing mainstream intelligent optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, and adds the control arithmetic and adaptive operators, and further improves the comprehensive algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm has the advantages of global search and fast convergence.
5. the design method of the microstrip T type unequal power divider is studied under the condition of large power division ratio. The design limitation of the conventional T type unequal power divider is discussed. On this basis, the design method of 2 new T type unequal power dividers is proposed. One is to replace the high impedance line by the equivalent replacement of the high impedance line by the single dendrite network, and to solve the high impedance line. The actual processing problem has obvious practical value of engineering. The other is to use short intercept to realize the arbitrary power score ratio and avoid the problem of high impedance line. At last, a T type unequal power divider is made with this method. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation data, which proves the correctness and validity of the method.
Finally, on the basis of the above theoretical research, the physical processing and testing of the conformal spherical array antenna have been completed. The measured results show that the designed conformal spherical array antenna can meet the design requirements, achieve the desired purpose, and the simulation direction is in good agreement with the measured direction map. The correctness of the theoretical research is confirmed by the further step.

【学位授予单位】：桂林电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820

【参考文献】