基于RSSI的无线传感网络三维加权质心定位研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 05:57

本文选题：节点定位 + 模型标定　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)由大量微型传感器节点构成。节点间通过无线通信,组成多跳、自组织网络系统。无线传感器网络被认为是继电脑、互联网之后的智能新兴技术,已经引起了越来越多的关注。随着工程科学的迅速发展,无线传感器网络在国防军事、环境监测、抢险救灾等诸多领域中都有着丰富而广泛的应用,其中准确获取传感器节点的位置信息是一项关键技术。本文主要对无线传感器网络中的节点三维定位技术加以研究。虽然目前已有许多较成熟的定位算法,但绝大多数都是针对二维空间,而实际应用如水域、空域多处于三维空间。因此,研究合适且高效的三维定位算法具有重要的理论意义及实用价值。基于此,本文针对传感器节点三维定位进行了深入的研究,并提出合适的算法。本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络及定位相关知识和国内外研究现状,研究现有定位算法的基本原理,并引入了定位算法的评价指标；其次针对基于接收信号强度值(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI)测距的主要原理,对常用的路径损耗模型加以研究,分析影响模型精度的主要因素,在建筑物内和空旷处两种不同环境下分别使用现有硬件系统对其进行参数标定,并分析传感器节点接收灵敏度与节点通信半径之间的关系。针对三维空间内的定位应用,根据不同应用环境下各自的定位要求,提出两种有差别的基于信号强度值的三维加权质心定位算法(RWC-3D),分别为通信、计算开销极低的算法一和具有一定通信、计算量的算法二,并在算法中引入节点通信范围限制。本文基于参数标定后的路径损耗模型,对提出的算法进行仿真实验,通过仿真结果比较并论证了算法的定位精度、可靠性及广泛的适用范围,并分别研究路径损耗模型相关参数设置以及节点通信范围对定位精度的影响。本文以该算法为基础,进一步引入了节点通信半径动态变化和盲节点动态移动两种修正方法,通过仿真实验证实了本文提出的修正方法可进一步提升算法定位精度和可靠性。因此,本文提出的算法和相应的修正方法对无线传感器网络节点三维定位技术研究具有积极的意义。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) is composed of a large number of micro sensor nodes. Through wireless communication between nodes, a multi-hop, self-organizing network system is formed. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is regarded as a new intelligent technology after computer and Internet, which has attracted more and more attention. With the rapid development of engineering science, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used in many fields, such as national defense, environment monitoring, emergency rescue and disaster relief, among which accurate location information of sensor nodes is a key technology. In this paper, the three-dimensional location technology of nodes in wireless sensor networks is studied. Although there are many mature localization algorithms, most of them are aimed at two-dimensional space, but in practical applications such as water area, the spatial space is mostly in three-dimensional space. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study an appropriate and efficient 3D localization algorithm. Based on this, this paper makes a deep research on sensor node 3D location, and proposes an appropriate algorithm. Firstly, this paper introduces the related knowledge of wireless sensor network and location and the research status at home and abroad, studies the basic principle of the existing localization algorithm, and introduces the evaluation index of the location algorithm. Secondly, according to the principle of received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI) ranging based on the received signal strength, the common path loss model is studied, and the main factors that affect the accuracy of the model are analyzed. The existing hardware system is used to calibrate the parameters in two different environments in the building and open space, and the relationship between the sensitivity of the sensor node and the communication radius of the sensor node is analyzed. According to the localization requirements of different application environments, two different 3D weighted centroid localization algorithms based on signal intensity are proposed, which are communication. The algorithm with very low computational overhead and algorithm 2 with certain communication and computational complexity are introduced into the algorithm to limit the range of communication between nodes. Based on the path loss model after parameter calibration, the proposed algorithm is simulated in this paper. The accuracy, reliability and wide application range of the algorithm are compared and demonstrated by the simulation results. The influence of the parameter setting of the path loss model and the communication range of the node on the location accuracy is studied respectively. On the basis of this algorithm, this paper further introduces two kinds of correction methods: the dynamic change of node communication radius and the dynamic movement of blind node. The simulation results show that the proposed method can further improve the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. Therefore, the proposed algorithm and the corresponding correction method have a positive significance for the research of 3D location technology of wireless sensor network nodes.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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