机载宽带vivaldi天线及组阵技术的研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 06:53

本文选题：Vivaldi天线 + 泰勒综合　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：宽带相控阵雷达是一种在目标成像、多目标跟踪、测向定位、反导弹等方面有重要用途的新型雷达,将在未来军用与民用领域中扮演重要的作用。而宽带相控阵在无人机上的应用更是各国研究的热点。本文主要针对X波段宽带相控阵天线的需求设计了一种宽带Vivaldi天线单元,分析了天线单元的各结构特性,并根据所设计的天线单元研究了其机载的组阵形式。本文主要做了以下工作内容。对Vivaldi天线的相关理论进行了研究,证明了Vivaldi天线满足比例变换原理,对其槽线上的电流分布特性做了研究。对Vivaldi天线各个结构的特性与设计方法进行了研究,归纳整理了Vivaldi天线的设计方法,并应用切比雪夫多节阻抗变换器设计Vivaldi天线的阻抗匹配。之后根据指定的设计范围,对Vivaldi天线的各天线参数进行了初步设计,得到天线的模型,之后对各个天线参数对天线的性能影响做出了分析与优化,并将褶皱结构运用到天线中,从而得到最终的天线模型并给出了其物理尺寸。根据仿真结果,优化后的Vivaldi天线其带宽很好的覆盖了X波段,在X波段的回波损耗小于-12dB,驻波比小于1.8,天线增益大于7.5dB,波束宽度大于50°。最后通过比较相关成果验证了天线的可行性。在研究设计了X波段Vivaldi天线单元后,对阵列天线的综合方法进行了研究。通过对比道尔夫-切比雪夫综合法、泰勒综合法的方向图特性,选择泰勒综合法对机载相控阵进行设计。然后应用之前设计的Vivaldi天线来进行机载布阵。用16个天线单元进行泰勒综合,布置泰勒阵列,接着采用5个泰勒线阵布成面阵的方法将天线布置在飞行器机腹上。根据仿真结果得出,该种布阵方法展现了良好的性能,在X波段以内,其副瓣电平SLL在-30dB左右,天线增益大于18dB,扫描宽度为±30°,完全能满足相控阵的特性需求。
[Abstract]:Wideband phased array radar is a new type of radar with important applications in target imaging, multi-target tracking, direction-finding, anti-missile and so on. It will play an important role in military and civil fields in the future. The application of wideband phased array in UAV is a hot topic in many countries. In this paper, a wideband Vivaldi antenna unit is designed to meet the requirements of the X-band wideband phased array antenna. The structural characteristics of the antenna element are analyzed, and the array form of the antenna unit is studied. This paper mainly does the following work. The relative theory of Vivaldi antenna is studied, and the principle of proportional transformation of Vivaldi antenna is proved. The characteristics of current distribution on the slot line of Vivaldi antenna are studied. The characteristics and design methods of each structure of Vivaldi antenna are studied. The design method of Vivaldi antenna is summarized and the impedance matching of Vivaldi antenna is designed by using Chebyshev multi-section impedance converter. Then, according to the specified design range, the antenna parameters of the Vivaldi antenna are preliminarily designed, and the antenna model is obtained. After that, the influence of each antenna parameter on the antenna performance is analyzed and optimized, and the fold structure is applied to the antenna. The final antenna model is obtained and its physical size is given. According to the simulation results, the optimized Vivaldi antenna has a good bandwidth covering X band. The return loss of X band is less than -12 dB, the standing wave ratio is less than 1.8, the antenna gain is greater than 7.5 dB, and the beam width is more than 50 掳. Finally, the feasibility of the antenna is verified by comparing the relevant results. After the design of X band Vivaldi antenna element, the synthesis method of array antenna is studied. By comparing the pattern characteristics of Dalf-Chebyshev synthesis method and Taylor synthesis method, Taylor synthesis method is selected to design airborne phased array. Then the airborne array is deployed using the previously designed Vivaldi antenna. The Taylor array is arranged with 16 antenna elements, and then the antenna is arranged on the plane of the aircraft by means of 5 Taylor linear arrays. According to the simulation results, the method shows good performance. In X band, the sidelobe level SLL is about -30dB, the antenna gain is more than 18dB, and the scanning width is 卤30 掳, which can fully meet the requirements of phased array characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.2

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