机载雷达对海目标数据处理方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:25

本文选题：海面目标 + 数据处理　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：机载雷达利用预警机高度优势可以在大范围内实现对海面目标的预警探测,并利用观测的目标位置及运动参数,指示水面武器平台实施远程超视距打击。为实现远程打击目标能力,需要比较准确地估计目标的位置及运动参数。雷达数据处理是对信号处理获得的点迹进行处理,以实现航迹的预测与平滑、起始与终止等功能,完成对目标的实时跟踪。机载雷达对海目标数据处理是在虚警较高、目标运动速度慢、方位测量误差大以及姿态角存在变化的复杂背景下进行的,直接按常规的雷达数据处理很难准确提取目标的运动参数。基于上述研究背景,本文利用实测数据研究改进海面目标航迹质量的数据处理方法。论文的主要工作包括:1、分析了影响海面目标检测的因素,阐述了实测量测误差的特性,总结了海面目标的航迹特点及存在虚警高、航迹抖动等问题,为海面目标的数据处理提供了思路。2、针对海面数据虚警率高、运动速度慢等问题,提出了一种多级航迹起始算法,该算法结合基于运动状态的一级Hough变换、基于斜距的二级Hough变换与逻辑法,并通过仿真验证了海面目标航迹起始的性能。3、提出了一种基于改进卡尔曼滤波的跟踪算法,该算法利用海面目标航向相对稳定的特点,先对目标航迹进行空间上的平滑,再进行时域上的滤波,提取目标的运动参数,通过仿真数据和实测数据验证了该滤波算法得到的航迹更为平滑,跟踪精度更高。将自适应粒子滤波的跟踪算法应用于海面目标跟踪中,仿真数据表明了该算法在保证高精度估计能力的同时减少了运算量。4、针对载机飞行姿态发生变化时,雷达探测到的目标航迹出现漂移现象,分析了航迹漂移的主要原因,建立了载机不同飞行姿态下时探测目标的模型,提出了基于横滚角变化的方位角补偿算法。通过实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性,修正后的航迹抖动明显减弱。5、分析了工程需求,提出了系统结构的设计方案,设计了海面数据处理仿真软件及功能流程。通过该软件可实现设定参数、加载载机和目标的数据、进行数据处理、显示载机和目标的航迹等功能,并可以对数据处理后的数据进行分析。
[Abstract]:The airborne radar can realize the early warning detection of the sea surface target in a wide range by using the altitude advantage of the early warning aircraft, and the position and motion parameters of the observed target can be used to instruct the surface weapon platform to carry out the long-range over-the-horizon strike. It is necessary to estimate the position and motion parameters of the target accurately in order to realize the ability of attacking the target in a long distance. Radar data processing is to process the point track acquired by signal processing to realize the function of track prediction and smoothing, start and stop, and complete the real-time tracking of the target. The data processing of sea target by airborne radar is carried out under the complicated background of high false alarm, slow moving speed, large azimuth measurement error and change of attitude angle. It is difficult to extract the moving parameters of the target according to the conventional radar data processing. Based on the above research background, the data processing method for improving the track quality of the sea surface target is studied by using the measured data. The main work of this paper includes: 1, analyzing the factors that affect the detection of sea surface target, expounding the characteristics of the measured measurement error, summarizing the track characteristics of the sea surface target and the problems of high false alarm rate and track jitter, etc. In order to solve the problems of high false alarm rate and slow moving speed, a multi-level track initiation algorithm is proposed, which combines with the first-order Hough transform based on the moving state. Based on the two-stage Hough transformation and logic method based on oblique distance, the performance of track initiation of sea surface target is verified by simulation. A tracking algorithm based on improved Kalman filter is proposed, which makes use of the relatively stable course of sea surface target. Firstly, the track of the target is smoothed in space, then filtered in time domain, and then the motion parameters of the target are extracted. The simulation data and the measured data verify that the proposed filtering algorithm is smoother and has higher tracking accuracy. The adaptive particle filter tracking algorithm is applied to sea surface target tracking. The simulation data show that the algorithm not only guarantees the high accuracy estimation ability but also reduces the computational complexity of .4. when the flight attitude of the aircraft changes, The main reason of track drift is analyzed, the model of detecting target under different flight attitude is established, and an azimuth compensation algorithm based on the change of roll angle is proposed. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the measured data, and the track jitter is obviously reduced. The engineering requirements are analyzed, the design scheme of the system structure is put forward, and the simulation software and the function flow of the sea surface data processing are designed. The software can set the parameters, load the data of the carrier and the target, process the data, display the track of the carrier and the target, and analyze the data after the data processing.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52

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