任意极化与全向扫描方向回溯阵列的设计

发布时间：2018-05-30 16:32

本文选题：方向回溯阵列 + 相位共轭　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于移动通信系统的高速发展,对于高增益、低成本、同时具有良好自动波束跟踪能力的新型天线的需求与日俱增。方向回溯阵列可以自动、快速的向来波方向发射一个响应信号,该过程完全由模拟电路实现,不需要来波信号的方位信息,也不需要依靠昂贵的移相器、T/R组件以及复杂的数字信号处理。方向回溯阵列结构简单、紧凑,成本低,具有很高的链路增益以及高速波束跟踪能力,独特的特点和优越的性能使得方向回溯阵列在现代军用和民用移动通信系统中具有独特优势,其在微波毫米波系统中具有广泛的应用前景。然而,目前已知的方向回溯阵列都是在入射波极化形式已知的情况下设计的,并且天线极化形式大多为线极化。因此,在未知入射波极化形式以及复杂的通信环境中,收发信号之间总会出现不同程度的极化失配,影响方向回溯阵的性能,降低通信质量。另外,对于高要求的雷达与通信卫星,往往需要全角度的扫描覆盖范围,而目前大多数方向回溯系统集中在线性、平面阵列的研究,其波束扫描范围都很小,回溯角度具有一定的局限性。这些问题制约了方向回溯阵列的发展与应用。本文在总结了方向回溯阵列国内外发展现状的基础上,从基本概念出发,对比、分析了方向回溯阵列的几种实现方式,系统分析了目前国内外已出现的方向回溯阵列以及设计中的关键技术。从理论上分析了相关参数对整个系统的波束指向误差的影响,为系统设计奠定了一定的理论依据。为了减小方向回溯阵列与目标之间的极化失配损耗,提高信号的传输效率,本文设计了一种可以实现任意极化的方向回溯阵列,它可以接收任意极化的来波信号,并通过相位共轭电路自动转发一个与入射信号极化正交的回溯信号,使系统具有较高的收发隔离度,并提供了一个更加安全、稳定的通信链路。为了扩大方向回溯阵列的扫描角度范围,本文采用圆柱共形技术设计了一种360°全向扫描的新型方向回溯系统。该系统收发天线独立,论文详细分析了天线单元数量、间距以及弧形金属板半径对共形阵列性能的影响。最后结合采用单次混频方式的相位共轭电路实现了全向扫描回溯功能。另外,论文提出了一种可应用于宽带方向回溯阵列的天线单元,扩展了方向回溯阵列的应用。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of mobile communication systems, the demand for new antennas with high gain, low cost and good automatic beam tracking capability is increasing. The direction backtracking array can automatically and quickly transmit a response signal in the direction of the incoming wave. This process is fully realized by analog circuits and does not require the azimuth information of the signal. There is no need to rely on expensive phase shifters, T/R components and complex digital signal processing. The direction backtracking array has a simple, compact, low cost, high link gain and high speed beam tracking capability. The unique features and superior performance make the direction backtracking array unique in modern military and civil mobile communication systems. Especially, it has a wide range of applications in microwave millimeter wave systems. However, the current known direction backtracking arrays are designed in the case of known incident wave polarization, and the polarization forms of the antenna are mostly linear polarization. Therefore, in the unknown incident wave polarization and complex communication environment, the total number of signals is received and received. There will be different degrees of polarization mismatch, which will affect the performance of the direction backtracking array and reduce the communication quality. In addition, for high required radar and communication satellites, the full angle scanning coverage is often needed. At present, most direction backtracking systems are concentrated in the linear, plane array research, the beam scanning range is very small, backtracking angle is very small. There are some limitations. These problems restrict the development and application of direction backtracking array. On the basis of summarizing the development status of direction backtracking array at home and abroad, this paper analyzes several ways of realizing direction backtracking array from basic concepts, contrasts and analyses the direction backtracking array which has appeared at home and abroad, and sets up the direction backtracking array. In order to reduce the polarization mismatch loss between the backtracking array and the target, and improve the transmission efficiency of the signal, this paper designs a kind of direction back for arbitrary polarization. It can receive arbitrary polarization of the signal, and transmit a backtracking signal that is orthogonal to the incident signal through the phase conjugate circuit, so that the system has a higher transmission isolation and a more secure and stable communication link. In order to enlarge the scanning angle range of the direction backtracking array, this paper uses the scanning angle range. A new directional backtracking system with 360 degree omnidirectional scanning is designed by cylindrical conformal technique. The system receives and receives antennas independently. In this paper, the influence of the number, spacing and radius of the antenna on the performance of the conformal array is analyzed in detail. Finally, the omnidirectional scan work is realized with the phase conjugate circuit using the single frequency mixing mode. In addition, an antenna unit which can be applied to wideband directional backtracking array is proposed, which extends the application of the direction backtracking array.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5

【引证文献】