液体-液体相变与反常特性

发布时间：2018-06-24 17:02

本文选题：液体-液体相变 + 临界现象　；参考：《物理学报》2017年17期

【摘要】：绝大多数物质的液态密度随温度降低而增大,即常见的热胀冷缩现象.但存在一类物质,如水及第四主族的硅、锗等,其液态密度在一定温度范围内随温度的升高而增大,即密度反常现象.此外,该类物质还存在动力学反常(密度越大粒子运动越快)、热力学反常(热力学量的涨落随温度降低而升高)等其他反常特性.这类材料的化学性质千差万别,但却具有相似的物理反常特性.进一步的理论研究发现部分材料具有两种液态,即高密度液态和低密度液态,两者之间存在一级相变.因此,反常特性与液体-液体相变是否有直接关联是一个值得深入研究的课题.本文主要介绍了具有液体-液体相变的一类材料及其反常特性,包括高温高压下氢的液体-液体相变及其超临界现象,镓的反常特性及其与液体-液体相变的关联等.
[Abstract]:The liquid density of most substances increases with the decrease of temperature, which is the common phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction. However, there are some substances, such as water, silicon and germanium of the fourth group, whose liquid density increases with the increase of temperature in a certain temperature range, that is, density anomaly. In addition, there are some other anomalous characteristics such as the kinetic anomaly (the larger the density of particles moves faster) and the thermodynamic anomaly (the fluctuation of the thermodynamic quantity increases with the decrease of temperature). The chemical properties of these materials vary widely, but they have similar physical anomalous properties. Further theoretical studies show that some materials have two liquid states, high density liquid and low density liquid, and there is a first order phase transition between them. Therefore, whether there is a direct relationship between anomalous characteristics and liquid-liquid phase transition is a subject worth further study. This paper mainly introduces a kind of material with liquid-liquid phase transition and its anomalous characteristics, including liquid-liquid phase transition and supercritical phenomenon of hydrogen at high temperature and pressure, anomalous property of gallium and its relation with liquid-liquid phase transition, etc.
【作者单位】：北京大学物理学院国际量子材料中心;量子物质科学协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2015CB856801) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:11525520) 中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2017M610687)资助的课题~~
【分类号】：O552.6

【相似文献】