引力波探测器联网的定位能力

发布时间：2019-04-28 21:05

【摘要】：引力波是爱因斯坦最重要的预言之一,是检验广义相对论正确性的重要工具.引力波理论及其探测一直以来都是理论物理学家和实验物理学家感兴趣的研究领域.事实上,随着科学技术的发展,人类已经具备了建造极度灵敏的地面探测器以及空间探测器的能力,直接探测引力波已经成为现实.2015年9月14日,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波,该信号源自一次双黑洞并合事件,自此人类进入引力波常规化探测阶段,终于拉开了引力波天文学时代的序幕.地面引力波探测器最主要的波源是处于旋近和并合阶段的致密双星.如果在探测到这些波源所辐射出的引力波信号的同时,又能观测到波源对应的电磁波信号,那么引力波信号和电磁波信号可以相互补充,形成新的观测模式.然而单个地面引力波探测器很难准确地探测引力波信号,也不能进行波源精确定位,将多个探测器联网组合,这样既能准确探测引力波信号,又能大幅提高引力波波源的定位精度.本文中,首先介绍探测器联网对引力波信号GW150914源的定位情况,然后介绍了两种最常用的估计定位精度的方法,即马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)的方法和解析的方法.最后,选用一种解析的方法讨论未来中国引力波探测器与日本及澳大利亚所组成的探测器网络的定位精度,并给出了中国的较优台址.最后,还讨论了中国加入世界引力波探测器网络行列对引力波波源定位的贡献.
[Abstract]:Gravitational wave is one of Einstein's most important predictions and an important tool to test the correctness of general relativity. Gravitational wave theory and its detection have always been interested in theoretical physicists and experimental physicists. In fact, with the development of science and technology, human beings have the ability to build extremely sensitive ground detectors as well as space detectors, and direct detection of gravitational waves has become a reality. On September 14, 2015, the LIGO first directly detected gravitational waves. The signal originated from a double black hole merging event. Since then, humans have entered the conventional detection phase of gravitational waves, and finally opened the prelude of gravitational wave astronomy. The main wave source of the ground gravity wave detector is the dense binary star which is in the phase of close and merge. If the gravitational wave signals emitted by these sources are detected while the electromagnetic signals corresponding to the wave sources can be observed, then the gravitational wave signals and the electromagnetic wave signals can complement each other and form a new observation mode. However, it is very difficult for a single ground gravity wave detector to detect the gravitational wave signal accurately, nor can it accurately locate the wave source, so that the multiple detectors can be connected to each other, so that the gravitational wave signal can be detected accurately. It can also greatly improve the positioning accuracy of gravitational wave source. In this paper, the localization of gravitational wave signal GW150914 source with detector networking is introduced firstly, and then the two most commonly used methods, Markov chain Monte Carlo (Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC (MC-MC), and analytical method are introduced. Finally, an analytical method is used to discuss the positioning accuracy of the network of Chinese gravitational wave detectors and Japanese and Australian detectors in the future, and the optimal site of China is given. Finally, the contribution of China's joining the world gravitational wave detector network to the localization of gravitational wave source is also discussed.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学天文系;
【基金】：北京师范大学科学研究基金中央高校基础研究基金国家自然科学基金(编号:11373014,11073005) 中国科学院战略先导项目(编号:XDB09000000) 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号:2012CB821804,2014CB845806)资助
【分类号】：O412.1

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