环境X射线防护板的研究

发布时间：2021-01-02 20:31

　　随着X射线在医疗领域应用的不断发展,X射线的防护成为辐射防护与环境保护的关键技术问题。传统X射线防护方案关注X射线的透射率,即降低X射线对外部环境和人员的损伤,而在医疗检测过程中X射线的反射率直接影响了病人的辐射损伤。本文设计了一种新的X射线防护方案,该方案同时兼顾降低X射线防护板的透射率和反射率,其是由不同金属材料按一定比例混合而成,其主要材料有:BaSO4、Fe3O4、NMnO2、Cu、Smo、Gdo、Bio、Wo和不饱和聚酯树脂,并采用基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的MCNP软件对该X射线防护方案性能进行了计算,在模拟中所选取的X射线能量在60keV到200keV之间,防护板的厚度取在1mm到9mm之间,同时计算X射线的反射率和透射率。由于不同金属原子对不同波长和能量的光子的吸收能力不同,本文所采用的X射线防护板是由不同原子所组成的,其比单金属原子制作的防护板（比如铅板）具有更高的吸收率,能有效降低透射率和折射率。本文的模拟主要是分为以下两个部分:首先,对给定能量的X射线,计算了不同厚度防护板的反射率和透射率。其次,对于最佳厚度的防护板,计算了防护板的反射率和透射率。最后,由不同板厚、成本... 

【文章来源】：华北电力大学(北京)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：56 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Acronyms And Abbreviations
Chaterl Introduction
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Problem Statement
    1.3 Objective Of Thesis
    1.4 Thesis Outlines
Chapter 2 Background Of X-Ray
    2.1 Introduction To X-Ray
    2.2 Advantages And Risks Of X-Rays
        2.2.1 Advantages of X-Ray
        2.2.2 Risks Of X-Ray
    2.3 Characteristics of X-Ray Emission
    2.4 Elements Of X-Rays
    2.5 X-Rays Production
    2.6 Some Applications Of X-Rays
    2.7 Electron Energy
        2.7.1 Potential
        2.7.2 Kinetic
Chapter 3 Principle Of X-Ray Interaction,Protection And Absorption
    3.1 Principle Of X-Ray Interaction
        3.1.1 Coherent Scattering
        3.1.2 Compton Effect
        3.1.3 Photoelectric Effect
        3.1.4 X-Ray Photon Interactions Pair Production
        3.1.5 X-Ray Photon Interactions Photodisintegration
    3.2 Absorption Of X-Rays
    3.3 Radiation Protection Of X-Ray
    3.4 Criteria For The Selection Of A Shield Material
        3.4.1 Attenuation Neutrons
        3.4.2 Thermal Heat Removal
        3.4.3 Attenuation Of Neutron Particles
    3.5 X-Ray Rooms:Design,Materials And Protection Barriers
        3.5.1 Warning Signs
        3.5.2 Occupancy Of X-Ray Rooms:Calculation Of Safety Aspects
        3.5.3 Room Size
        3.5.4 Walls: Materials And Lead Equivalence
        3.5.5 Windows
    3.6 Shielding Calculations
        3.6.1 Exponential Attenuation Of X Rays
        3.6.2 Design Goal（P）
        3.6.3 Uncontrolled P=0.1 Mgy/Y Will Satisfy 0.25 Msv/Y
        3.6.4 Occupancy Factor,T
        3.6.5 X-Ray Beam Transmission
        3.6.6 Archer Equation For Transmission Curves
        3.6.7 Workload（W）
        3.6.8 Update On Workload Data
        3.6.9 Models For Diagnostic X-Ray Shielding Calculations
        3.6.10 Calculation Of Primary Kerma
        3.6.11 Scatter Radiation
        3.6.12 Leakage Radiation
Chapter 4 X-Ray Protection Plate Design And Simulation
    4.1 Methodology
    4.2 System Model
Chapter 5 Conclusion And Future Work
    5.1 Conclusion
    5.2 Future Work
References
Acknowledgements
Publications during master



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