正交极化分集天线设计与实现研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 16:19

本文选题：双极化天线 + 磁-电偶极子天线　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术的发展,双极化天线由于在抗多径衰落,扩展信道容量等方面的优良性能,而被日益广泛的应用在移动通信、导航、雷达、遥感遥测等各种军用和民用系统中。针对不同的应用背景,具有高阻抗带宽、高增益、低交叉极化、高端口隔离度等特性的双极化天线被陆续研发。其中多数天线性能优良,但天线两端口的极化在空间上的正交特性却很少被关注。以正交极化分集天线为研究内容,论文主要开展了以下工作:(1)以交叉电偶极子为辐射单元,设计一款分层结构直振子双极化天线。为处于上层的电偶极子引入不规则结构反射板以抑制其交叉极化电平。为减小电偶极子的纵向尺寸,将直振子优化为弯折线结构,提出一款弯振子双极化天线,并比较两种方案下天线的交叉极化、端口隔离度及电偶极子的纵向尺寸。(2)以磁偶极子为辐射单元,设计一款L探针耦合馈电分层结构双极化天线。对辐射贴片进行开槽,并在天线的上层附加反射板,以提高该款双极化天线的阻抗带宽。此外,为获得高阻抗带宽,采用跳线技术,提出一款双极化对数周期偶极子天线。对该款双极化天线中最长的偶极子引入弯折线结构,以缩减天线尺寸。(3)为满足宽角度扫描双极化相控阵雷达系统对天线性能的要求,提出基于磁-电偶极子实现在整个空间上极化正交的分集方法。以电偶极子-贴片为辐射单元,设计一款理论上两极化端口电场矢量在整个空间上正交的磁-电偶极子双极化天线。为提高阻抗带宽,将磁偶极子优化为缝隙结构,设计一款电偶极子-缝隙双极化天线。磁偶极子采用微带巴伦馈电,以进一步展宽该款磁-电偶极子天线的阻抗带宽。除拥有较高的端口隔离度及较低的交叉极化电平,两款天线均实现在较大空间上两极化端口电场矢量准正交。装配这种类型天线的双极化相控阵雷达系统,不需要复杂的后处理补偿算法,提高其实时处理能力。(4)更进一步地,提出基于带正交模耦合器的方形喇叭天线实现在整个空间上极化正交的新分集方法。利用正交模耦合器分离喇叭天线等功率的TE10模与TE01模,设计一款具有极低交叉极化、甚高端口隔离度的单层波导馈电双极化阵列天线,并详细介绍正交模耦合器的设计方法。在喇叭阵列口径上引入金属栅格结构以抑制天线副瓣电平。仿真与测试结果表明,该款天线具有较高的端口隔离度及较低的交叉极化。除传统天线性能指标,该天线在整个空间上的增益和交叉极化,尤其是两极化端口电场矢量的正交性能也被详细研究。在7个具有代表性的平面上,该款双极化喇叭阵列天线均具有较高的增益及极低的交叉极化。更重要的是,该款天线实现在较大空间上两极化端口电场矢量正交。在Φ=90o的平面上,天线的正交性能达到理论极限。这种实现在整个空间上极化端口电场矢量正交的分集方法,为宽角度扫描双极化相控阵雷达系统的天线设计提供良好借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless communication technology, dual polarized antenna due to multipath fading, excellent performance and channel capacity expansion, and is widely used in mobile communication, navigation, radar, remote sensing, military and civil systems. According to different application background, has a high impedance bandwidth, high gain, low cross polarization, dual polarized antenna isolation characteristics such as high port have been developed. Most of the antenna performance, but the orthogonality in the space of the polarized antenna port two has received little attention. With the orthogonal polarization diversity antenna as the research content, the paper carried out the following work: (1) to cross dipole as the radiation unit, design a layered structure of straight vibrator dual polarized antenna. In the upper electric dipole introducing irregular structure reflecting plate to suppress the cross polarization level vertical electric dipole decreases. The size will be straight vibrator for optimization of meander line structure, this paper presents a flexural vibrator antenna for dual polarization and cross polarization comparison of two schemes of the antenna, the longitudinal dimension of port isolation and electric dipole. (2) the magnetic dipole radiation unit, design a L layer structure of double fed electric coupling probe the slotted polarized antenna. The radiation patch, and in the upper layer with reflector antenna, in order to improve the impedance bandwidth of the dual polarized antenna. In addition, in order to obtain the high impedance bandwidth, the jumper technology, this paper presents a dual polarization log periodic dipole antenna. The meander line structure of the dual polarized antenna in the long the dipole, to reduce the antenna size. (3) to meet the requirements of wide angle scanning antenna dual polarized phased array radar system, the magnetic dipole method of orthogonal polarization diversity in the entire space. Based on the electric dipole - stick to As radiation unit, design of a polarized electric field vector theory port in the entire space orthogonal magnetic dipole dual polarized antenna. In order to improve the impedance bandwidth, the magnetic dipole is optimized for slot structure and design of a dual polarized antenna and electric dipole gap. Magnetic dipole using microstrip balun feed to impedance bandwidth the wider magnetic dipole antenna. In addition to have high port isolation and low cross polarization level, two antennas are implemented in large space port. The electric field vector quasi orthogonal polarized dual polarized phased array radar antenna assembly of this type, do not need complex postprocessing algorithm, improved processing in fact, when ability. (4) further, put forward the new method of orthogonal polarization diversity in the whole space of square horn antenna with orthogonal mode coupler based on orthogonal mode coupler. The TE10 and TE01 mode separation of horn antenna power, the design of a very low cross polarization, high port isolation single waveguide fed dual polarized array antenna, and introduces the design method of orthogonal mode coupler. The metal grid structure to suppress the sidelobe level of the antenna in the horn array aperture. The results of simulation and the test shows that the antenna has a high isolation and low cross polarization. In addition to the traditional antenna performance, the antenna on the whole space gain and cross polarization, especially orthogonal polarized electric field vector of the port can also be studied in detail. In the 7 representative of the plane. Dual polarized horn array antenna with high gain and low cross polarization. More importantly, the antenna in a wide space of polarized electric field vector in the plane orthogonal port. With =90o on the day The orthogonal performance of the line reaches the theoretical limit. The realization of the polarization quadrature electric field vector quadrature diversity method in the whole space provides a good reference for the antenna design of the wide-angle scanning dual polarized phased array radar system.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.1

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