基于SAR数据的舰船目标探测与目标特性数据库软件系统

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:15

本文选题：合成孔径雷达 + 舰船探测实验　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为沿海大国,我国领海广阔,海洋资源丰富,对高效、实时的海洋监测手段需求迫切。合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)作为一种先进的主动式微波遥感器,具有全天时、全天候、多极化等诸多优点,并且具有一定穿云透雾的能力,已被广泛应用于大地遥感、测绘以及资源勘探等领域。利用SAR图像对海洋舰船目标进行检测,为海洋交通运输、渔业活动控制、海洋环境监测提供了有效手段,对我国领土安全有着重要意义。本文立足于SAR图像舰船检测技术的发展,在分析现有SAR图像舰船检测算法不足的基础上,重点研究了服从Rice分布的恒虚警率(Constant False Alarm Rate, CFAR)舰船检测方法、SAR目标特性数据库搭建等问题。本文的主要研究内容如下：(1)针对SAR图像中高噪声引起的舰船目标检测性能下降的问题,研究了一种基于Rice分布的CFAR舰船检测方法。首先,研究了不同波段、不同极化方式、不同分辨率以及不同噪声情况下的海杂波分布模型,并利用大量实测数据验证了Rice分布对海况特性描述的有效性。最后,提出了一种适用于高噪声情况下的Rice-CFAR舰船监测算法,对ENVISAT和TERRASAR-X等实测舰船数据的检测结果表明,本文算法在高噪声情况下较之已有算法具有较高的检测准确率。(2)海上舰船目标探测实验。开展了两次海上舰船目标探测实验,实验海域为渤海海域。利用Radarsat-2星载SAR与AIS协同探测的方法,获取了星载SAR与AIS的同步数据,为舰船目标探测的应用研究提供重要的实测验证数据,同时获取了大量的数据也为SAR目标特性数据库的构建提供了数据基础。(3)SAR目标特性数据库软件系统研发。利用当前现有的SAR卫星数据,从海洋目标和陆地目标的角度出发,构建了不同地物目标类型、不同极化方式、不同入射角的SAR目标散射特性数据,建立SAR目标特性数据库软件系统,填补了目前国内该领域的空白。
[Abstract]:As a large coastal country, China has a vast territorial sea and abundant marine resources. Synthetic aperture radar, SAR), as an advanced active microwave remote sensor, has many advantages, such as all-day, all-weather, multi-polarization and so on. Surveying and mapping and resource exploration and other fields. The detection of marine ship targets by SAR images provides an effective means for ocean transportation, fishery activity control and marine environment monitoring, which is of great significance to the territorial security of our country. Based on the development of ship detection technology in SAR images, this paper analyzes the shortage of existing ship detection algorithms in SAR images. The constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) are studied in detail. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the problem of the degradation of ship target detection performance caused by high noise in SAR images, a CFAR ship detection method based on Rice distribution is studied. Firstly, the model of sea clutter distribution in different wave bands, different polarization modes, different resolution and different noise is studied, and the validity of Rice distribution in describing sea conditions is verified by a large number of measured data. Finally, a Rice-CFAR ship monitoring algorithm is proposed, which is suitable for high noise condition. The detection results of ENVISAT and TERRASAR-X data show that, In this paper, the detection accuracy of the algorithm is higher than that of the existing algorithms in the case of high noise. Two experiments of ship target detection were carried out in Bohai Sea. Using the method of cooperative detection of Radarsat-2 spaceborne SAR and AIS, the synchronous data of spaceborne SAR and AIS are obtained, which provide important verification data for the application of ship target detection. At the same time, a large amount of data is obtained, which also provides a data base for the construction of SAR target characteristic database. Based on the existing SAR satellite data, the scattering characteristic data of SAR targets with different object types, different polarization modes and different incident angles are constructed from the point of view of ocean and land targets. The software system of SAR target characteristic database is established, which fills up the blank in this field at present.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN957.52;TP311.52

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