天线及其阵列RCS减缩技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:28

本文选题：Vivaldi天线 + 雷达截面(RCS)　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着各国竞相研究隐身技术,作为飞行器强散射源的天线的隐身技术也愈发得到重视。而如何减缩天线及阵列的RCS以及设计具有低RCS特性的天线是天线隐身技术研究的重点。本论文以三层Vivaldi天线为主要研究对象,研究了Vivaldi天线及其阵列的RCS减缩技术,提出了多种RCS减缩的方法。最后,本论文使用天线RCS减缩技术设计了一款具有低RCS特性的机载刀型天线。其中具体的研究内容包括:首先,设计了一款工作于X频段的三层Vivaldi天线,优化后天线具有良好的辐射性能,设计时考虑到避免E面组阵时出现栅瓣,天线宽度控制在一个工作波长以内。研究了极化对天线RCS的影响,发现入射波与天线共极化时RCS更大,通过分析不同极化下天线表面电流分布探究了原因。其次,通过分析对比天线辐射及散射时的表面电流分布,挖去了天线表面部分金属贴片,在天线辐射性能依旧良好的情况下降低了天线的RCS。并利用该天线单元组阵,得到了相比于参考阵列具有更低RCS的Vivaldi天线阵列。然后,提出了利用散射回波相位不同的单元组阵,不同阵元的散射回波之间相干抵消来减缩阵列RCS的思路。首先,我们改变了天线巴伦长度,天线辐射性能基本不变,但由于天线长度变化所以散射回波相位会随之变化,并利用不同巴伦长度的Vivaldi天线进行组阵,大大减缩了阵列的RCS。并且针对阵列主瓣偏移的现象,提出了调整馈电相位以及对称排布的解决方法。然后我们保持天线巴伦长度不变,通过改变中间一节带状馈线的长度来改变天线散射回波的相位,并利用馈线长度不同的Vivaldi天线单元进行组阵减缩了阵列的RCS。最后我们将天线的介质板向前延伸,研究了介质板延伸对天线辐射和散射的影响,并利用不同介质板延伸长度的Vivaldi天线进行组阵,得到了不仅具有更好散射性能,还具有更好辐射性能的天线阵列。最后,设计了一款工作于300MHz-720MHz频段具有低RCS特性的机载刀型天线,分析了刀型天线各个结构的功能。并且加工了天线,实际测量了天线的辐射和散射性能。
[Abstract]:With the research of stealth technology in many countries, the stealth technology of antenna, which is the source of strong scattering of aircraft, has been paid more and more attention. How to reduce the RCS of antenna and array and how to design the antenna with low RCS are the key points of antenna stealth technology. In this paper, the RCS reduction technology of Vivaldi antenna and its array is studied, and several methods of RCS reduction are proposed. Finally, an airborne knife antenna with low RCS characteristics is designed using RCS reduction technique. The specific research contents are as follows: firstly, a three-layer Vivaldi antenna working in X-band is designed. The optimized antenna has good radiation performance. The antenna width is controlled within one working wavelength. The effect of polarization on the antenna RCS is studied. It is found that the RCS is larger when the incident wave is co-polarized with the antenna. Secondly, by analyzing and comparing the surface current distribution of antenna radiation and scattering, some metal patches on the antenna surface are dug out, and the RCSs of the antenna are reduced when the radiation performance of the antenna is still good. A Vivaldi antenna array with lower RCS than the reference array is obtained by using the antenna cell array. Then, the idea of reducing the RCS of the array is proposed by using the coherent cancellation between the different elements of the unit array with different phase of the scattering echo. First of all, we change the length of the antenna, and the radiation performance of the antenna is basically unchanged, but the phase of the scattering echo will change because of the change of the length of the antenna. The array can be greatly reduced by using the Vivaldi antenna with different Barron lengths. Aiming at the phenomenon of array main lobe offset, the method of adjusting feed phase and symmetrical arrangement is proposed. Then we change the phase of the antenna scattering echo by changing the length of the middle section of the strip feeder and reduce the RCSs of the array by using the Vivaldi antenna unit with different feed length. Finally, we extend the dielectric plate of the antenna forward, and study the effect of the dielectric plate extension on the radiation and scattering of the antenna, and make use of Vivaldi antenna with different extension length of dielectric plate to carry out the array, and obtain that the antenna not only has better scattering performance. Antenna arrays with better radiation performance. Finally, an airborne knife antenna with low RCS characteristics at 300MHz to 720MHz band is designed, and the functions of the various structures of the knife antenna are analyzed. The antenna is fabricated and the radiation and scattering properties of the antenna are measured.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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