WSN中基于自适应簇头构建负载均衡树的路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 18:01

本文选题：路由协议 + 分层传感器网络　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是一种新型智能网络,广泛应用于卫生医疗、军事侦查、智能家居、野外勘测等领域。WSN在农业生产领域的应用也引起了人们重视,通过监测农田环境来实时关注农作物生长情况。无线传感网中面临的最大问题是节点能量有限,节点生存和通信所需的能量由电池提供,一旦能量耗尽便停止工作。因此,如何利用农田环境中充足的太阳光照来补充节点能量及制定有效的路由策略来控制节点的能耗,对于无线传感网路由协议的研究具有实际意义。针对节点能量受限和网络负载不均衡问题,本文在以基站为中心的分层网络模型下,提出了层间簇头自适应通信策略和节点能量可补充的簇头负载均衡协议。本文主要内容如下:首先,对无线传感器网络相关概念、特点、协议体系等进行阐述;叙述了路由协议的分类,并简要介绍了一些经典的路由协议。其次,提出了基于分层簇间自适应通信方式的路由协议。在分层网络成簇前,对最优簇头数mopt和成簇半径CHR的大小进行控制;节点以剩余能量为主参数,节点邻近度为次参数选出簇头;普通节点根据平均最小可达能量加入到邻近簇中;分簇后,簇头依据下游簇头被选中为转发节点的概率next_CHP选出最优转发簇头,并根据簇头间层级关系,以自适应方式与邻簇头通信。再次,提出了基于节点能量补充的层间簇头负载均衡路由协议。在广阔的农田环境中,传感器节点收集太阳能并转换成电能储存在超级电容中,从而缓解能量受限问题。采用基于时间戳的节点剩余能量估计对节点选择性充电;同时,对簇头间构建的路由树从叶节点开始逐步判断父簇头是否需要均衡负载,避免网络中能耗大的节点处产生“热点”问题。最后,通过NS-2软件对协议进行了仿真实验。在网络生存周期、节点平均剩余能量、网络负载均衡性等方面分析对比了协议的性能,本文协议能有效延长网络生存时间、较好地均衡网络负载。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSNN) is a new type of intelligent network, which is widely used in health care, military investigation, smart home, field survey and other fields. WSN has also attracted people's attention in the field of agricultural production. By monitoring the farmland environment to pay real-time attention to crop growth. The biggest problem in wireless sensor networks is that the energy of nodes is limited. The energy needed for node survival and communication is supplied by batteries. Once the energy is exhausted, it will stop working. Therefore, it is of practical significance for the research of wireless sensor network routing protocol how to use sufficient solar light in farmland environment to supplement node energy and formulate effective routing strategy to control node energy consumption. In order to solve the problem of node energy limitation and network load imbalance, this paper proposes a cluster head adaptive communication strategy and a cluster head load balancing protocol which can be supplemented by node energy under a hierarchical network model with base station as the center. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the related concepts, characteristics and protocol architecture of wireless sensor networks are described, the classification of routing protocols is described, and some classical routing protocols are briefly introduced. Secondly, a routing protocol based on hierarchical adaptive communication between clusters is proposed. The optimal number of cluster heads (mopt) and the size of cluster radius (HR) are controlled before the hierarchical network is clustered, and the node takes residual energy as the main parameter, and the node proximity is the secondary parameter to select the cluster head. After clustering, the cluster head selects the optimal forwarding cluster head according to the probability that the downstream cluster head is selected as the forwarding node, and according to the hierarchical relationship between the cluster heads, the common node is added to the adjacent cluster according to the average minimum reachable energy, and the optimal forwarding cluster head is selected according to the probability of the downstream cluster head being selected as the forwarding node. It communicates with the neighbor cluster head in an adaptive manner. Thirdly, an inter-layer cluster head load balancing routing protocol based on node energy supplement is proposed. In the vast farmland environment, sensor nodes collect solar energy and convert it into electric energy to store it in super capacitors, thus alleviating the problem of energy limitation. The residual energy estimation based on time stamp is used to charge the nodes selectively. At the same time, the routing tree constructed between the cluster heads is used to judge whether the parent cluster head needs to balance the load from the leaf node step by step. Avoid the problem of "hot spot" at the nodes with high energy consumption in the network. Finally, the protocol is simulated by NS-2 software. The performance of the protocol is analyzed and compared in the aspects of network lifetime, node average residual energy, network load balance and so on. This protocol can effectively prolong the network lifetime and balance the network load.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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