车载自组织网络中的路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 02:58

本文选题：车载自组织网络 + 路由协议　；参考：《南京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：车载自组织网络是一种以车辆节点为基础构成的特殊的移动自组织网络,与移动自组织网络相比,车载自组织网络具有车辆节点高速移动、网络拓扑结构频繁变化的特点,传统的移动自组织网络路由协议没有考虑车载自组织网络特点,因此如何能够在频繁变化的网络结构中选择合适的路由是车载自组织网络的关键技术之一。本文对车载自组织网络的协议进行了研究,针对高速公路场景,提出了一种基于转发效率预测的跨层路由协议,针对城市道路场景,提出了基于道路拓扑结构的地理信息路由协议和基于链路传输能力的车载网络路由协议。具体内容如下:(1)针对传统基于地理信息的路由协议并不能有效考虑车辆高速移动带来的位置变化,结合无竞争MAC层多信道接入协议,提出了一种基于转发效率预测的跨层路由协议(GPSR-EP)。该路由协议考虑了信道衰落产生的传输失败概率,结合VeMAC(Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks MAC)定义了传输等待时间,该定义可以反映节点的业务队列长度和时隙占用情况。在此基础上,对下一跳的所有可选节点的转发效率进行预测,以单位时间有效传输距离最长为策略进行路由选择。仿真结果表明,GPSR-EP在高速场景中能有效提高网络的传输效率。(2)为了提高城市场景中车载自组织网络的性能,综合考虑道路拓扑结构与地理位置信息,提出了一种改进的基于道路拓扑结构的地理信息路由协议(TGR)。TGR结合无竞争MAC层接入协议,分析了空洞的产生情况,给出了一种有效的目标节点选择方法;针对传统边缘传输模式中转发效率较低的问题,设计了基于路口节点特性的边缘传输模式。仿真结果表明,TGR在网格城市场景中能够有效提高网络性能。(3)构建了能够反映城市道路和车辆行驶特征的场景,针对AODV路由协议在城市场景中不能有效考虑链路稳定性的问题,提出一种基于链路传输能力的车载网络路由协议(LCPR)。LCPR基于无竞争MAC层多信道接入协议,综合考虑网络中影响节点间链路稳定性的直接传输成功概率、节点的业务负载和节点周围信道占用情况等因素,定义了表征节点通信能力的参数,反映了节点之间传输的有效性;提出了一种新的适应城市场景的路由判据,实现了网路层与MAC层的跨层路由设计。仿真表明LCPR在城市场景中能改善丢包率、端到端平均时延等网路性能。
[Abstract]:Vehicle ad hoc network is a special mobile ad hoc network based on vehicle nodes. Compared with mobile ad hoc networks, vehicle ad hoc networks have the characteristics of high speed movement of vehicle nodes and frequent changes in network topology. Traditional routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks do not take into account the characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks. Therefore, how to choose the appropriate routing in the frequently changing network structure is one of the key technologies of vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, the protocol of vehicle-borne ad hoc network is studied, and a cross-layer routing protocol based on forwarding efficiency prediction is proposed for freeway scenarios. Geographical information routing protocol based on road topology and vehicular network routing protocol based on link transmission capability are proposed. The main contents are as follows: (1) in view of the fact that the traditional routing protocol based on geographical information can not effectively take into account the location changes brought about by the high-speed movement of vehicles, combining with the non-competitive MAC layer multi-channel access protocol, A cross-layer routing protocol named GPSR-EPN based on forwarding efficiency prediction is proposed. The routing protocol takes into account the transmission failure probability caused by channel fading and defines the transmission waiting time in combination with VeMACV-Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (MAC), which can reflect the traffic queue length and slot occupancy of nodes. On this basis, the forwarding efficiency of all the optional nodes in the next hop is predicted, and the longest effective transmission distance per unit time is used as the strategy for routing selection. The simulation results show that GPSR-EP can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of the network in high-speed scenarios. In order to improve the performance of the vehicle-borne ad hoc networks in urban scenarios, the road topology and geographical location information are considered synthetically. An improved geographic information routing protocol (TGR.TGR) based on road topology is proposed, which combines with the non-competitive MAC layer access protocol. The generation of voids is analyzed, and an effective method for selecting target nodes is presented. Aiming at the problem of low forwarding efficiency in the traditional edge transmission mode, an edge transmission mode based on the characteristics of intersection nodes is designed. The simulation results show that TGR can effectively improve the network performance in the grid city scenarios. (3) A scenario that can reflect the characteristics of urban roads and vehicles is constructed, and the AODV routing protocol can not effectively consider the link stability in urban scenarios. A vehicle network routing protocol based on link transmission capability (LCPRN). LCPR is proposed based on the non-competitive MAC layer multi-channel access protocol. The probability of direct transmission success is considered synthetically, which affects the stability of the link between nodes in the network. The traffic load of the node and the channel occupation around the node are defined, the parameters representing the communication capability of the node are defined, which reflects the validity of the transmission between the nodes, and a new routing criterion suitable for the urban scene is proposed. The cross-layer routing design of network layer and MAC layer is realized. Simulation results show that LCPR can improve network performance such as packet loss rate, end-to-end average delay and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;U495

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