基于超材料的MEMS微带天线小型化设计

发布时间：2018-08-13 14:21

【摘要】：随着常规弹药智能化改造的广泛应用,对智能弹药上各个部件的小型化、集成化要求越来越高,导航天线是其关键部件之一。微带天线具有低剖面、制造简单、易于共形、成本低等特点,在智能弹药改造中得到广泛使用。北斗导航系统中导航天线B1频点的中心工作频率为1.561GHz,传统的微带天线设计因尺寸较大而无法满足弹药改造的需求。针对此问题,论文设计了一种基于超材料的MEMS微带天线,其尺寸小于35×35mm2,满足弹药智能化改造对天线的小型化需求。论文从理论推导、仿真分析和实验测试三个方面展开研究。理论部分介绍了微带天线的设计方法,超材料介质单元的本构参数提取方法。仿真分析主要是基于HFSS的数值分析仿真软件,首先对比仿真分析了传统微带天线和MEMS微带天线在电性能方面存在的差异,之后对超材料介质单元进行数值仿真,采用波导法提取超材料介质单元的等效介电常数、磁导率、折射率和阻抗参数。在此基础上利用超材料作为MEMS微带天线的介质基板,设计了工作在B1频点的北斗超材料MEMS微带天线。该天线尺寸仅为传统MEMS微带天线的61.5%。结合微机电(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System,MEMS)制造工艺技术,依据本文设计的超材料基底的微带天线结构特点,拟定了相应的加工工艺流程。实验测试部分,采用本文设计超材料MEMS微带天线的设计方法,在Rogers RT/duroid 5880射频板材上加载超材料单元,设计为超材料微带天线。使用矢量网络分析仪测试了天线的回波损耗S11,测试结果表明超材料微带天线中心频率为1.561GHz,工作带宽大于15MHz,带宽范围内驻波比小于1.5。实验测试了天线增益方向图,在中心工作频率有最大增益,辐射方向满足全向辐射的要求。最后,总结本文设计的超材料MEMS微带天线辐射贴片尺寸为18.1×16.3mm2,尺寸达到小型化的要求,仿真结果显示电性能指标达到导航天线设计要求,实验测试表明本文所述设计方法可行。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of intelligent reconstruction of conventional ammunition, the miniaturization and integration of the components on the intelligent ammunition are becoming more and more important. The navigation antenna is one of the key components. Microstrip antenna is widely used in intelligent ammunition reconstruction because of its advantages of low profile, simple manufacture, easy conformal and low cost. In Beidou navigation system, the central frequency of the B1 frequency of navigation antenna is 1.561 GHz. Because of its large size, the traditional microstrip antenna design can not meet the needs of ammunition modification. To solve this problem, a MEMS microstrip antenna based on metamaterials is designed. The size of the antenna is less than 35 脳 35mm ~ 2, which can meet the requirement of the miniaturization of the antenna in the intelligent ammunition transformation. The research is carried out from three aspects: theoretical derivation, simulation analysis and experimental test. In the theoretical part, the design method of microstrip antenna and the method of extracting constitutive parameters of metamaterial dielectric element are introduced. The simulation analysis is mainly based on the numerical simulation software of HFSS. Firstly, the differences between traditional microstrip antenna and MEMS microstrip antenna in electrical performance are compared and analyzed, and then the metamaterial dielectric element is numerically simulated. The equivalent permittivity, permeability, refractive index and impedance parameters of metamaterial dielectric element were extracted by waveguide method. Based on this, a Beidou supermaterial MEMS microstrip antenna working at B1 frequency is designed by using metamaterial as the dielectric substrate of MEMS microstrip antenna. The size of the antenna is only 61.5 of the traditional MEMS microstrip antenna. According to the microstrip antenna structure characteristics of the supermaterial substrate designed in this paper, the corresponding processing process is worked out in combination with the Micro-Electro-Mechanical system MEMS manufacturing technology. In the experiment part, the design method of supermaterial MEMS microstrip antenna is adopted in this paper. The supermaterial element is loaded on the Rogers RT/duroid 5880 radio frequency plate and is designed as a metamaterial microstrip antenna. The echo loss S11 of the antenna is measured by using a vector network analyzer. The results show that the center frequency of the microstrip antenna is 1.561 GHz, the working bandwidth is more than 15 MHz, and the VSWR is less than 1.5 in the bandwidth range. The antenna gain pattern is tested experimentally. The maximum gain is obtained at the center frequency and the radiation direction meets the requirements of omnidirectional radiation. Finally, the radiation patch size of the supermaterial MEMS microstrip antenna designed in this paper is 18.1 脳 16.3mm ~ 2, and the size reaches the requirement of miniaturization. The simulation results show that the electrical performance index meets the design requirements of the navigation antenna. The experimental results show that the design method described in this paper is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822

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